K.N. Sinha and S.K. Jain, JJ.@mdashThe present appeal has been filed against the judgement and order dated 28.5.1992 passed by the IInd
Additional Sessions Judge Bijnor in session trial No. 385 of 1990, whereby appellant Abdul Qayyum was convicted for the offence under
Sections 302/34 and 201 IPC and was sentenced to under go imprisonment for life for the offence u/s 302 read with Section 34 IPC and further
convicted u/s 201 IPC and sentenced to under go one year rigorous imprisonment. Both the sentences were ordered to run concurrently.
2. The facts, as set forth in the First Information Report and emerged by the evidence, are that informant Fazalur Rahman (PW-4) lodged a report
at police station Noorpur district Bijnor on 8.3.1990 at 6.45 P.M., stating that his son Mohd. Abid had gone to school on 7.3.1990, in morning
and returned back in noon. After taking his meal, he went out to play but did not return till evening. After thorough search he was not found then a
report was lodged.
3. The investigating officer visited the village where the informant expressed suspicion against appellant Abdul Qayyum. The motive stated was that
the wife of the informant checked the appellant from committing theft. The investigating officer got information that the appellant had gone near the
pond to ease out. He immediately rushed and arrested the appellant on 9.3.1990 at 6.30 A.M.
4. It is alleged that witnesses Farooq and Ranjit Singh were also available at the pond before whom the appellant confessed the guilt and stated
about the enmity with the wife of the informant. He also confessed about burying of the dead body in his house with the help of his mother Raisa.
The police party along with the appellant and witnesses visited the house and on his pointing out the dead body of the deceased was recovered.
The recovery memo (Ext. Ka-1) was prepared on spot. The inquest report was prepared and the sealed dead body was sent for post mortem
through constable Rajendra Singh.
5. After completing the investigation, charge sheet was submitted against the appellant and one Smt. Raisa (acquitted by the trial court).
6. The case was committed to the court of Sessions Judge by the Chief Judicial Magistrate Bijnor where appellant pleaded not guilty to be
charged. No defence evidence was adduced.
7. The prosecution, in all, examined seven witnesses. PW-1 Mohd. Abrar is the witness of the fact of last seen the deceased in the company of the
accused-appellant. PW-3A. Aziz is also witness of the last seen PW-2 Ranjit Singh is the witness of the fact of arrest of the appellant and his
confession and recovery of dead body. PW-4 Fazalur Rahman is the complainant of the case and he is also witness of the fact, arrest of accused
and confession of guilt of the appellant and recovery of dead body on pointing out of the'' accused. PW-5 Constable Rajendra Singh is the forma
witness in whose supurdagi dead body was sealed and necessary papers for post mortem were given to him to take dead body to the mortuary,
the took the dead body to the mortuary with necessary papers and after post mortem handed over the dead body to Mohd. Fazalur Rahman. Dr.
M.S. Patel (PW-6) conducted post mortem and prepared report (Ext. Ka-3). The following ante mortem injuries were found on the body of the
deceased:
1. Multiple abraded contusion over front and both side of neck extending up to sub mandible and right sub mandibular region but more marked
over to right side of neck.
2. Multiple abrasion in an area of 6 cm x 2 cm over middle part and left side of back, 2 cm below the angle of left scapula.
8. Sub inspector Gajendra Singh (PW-7) is the investigation officer of the case who submitted charge sheet.
9. It is a case of circumstantial evidence. It has been laid down by the Apex Court that where a case rests squarely on circumstantial evidence, the
inference of guilt can be justified only when all the incriminating facts and circumstances are found to be incompatible with the innocence of the
accused or the guilt of any other person. The circumstances, from which an inference as to the guilt of the accused is drawn, have to be proved
beyond reasonable doubt and have to be shown to be closely connected with the principal fact sought to be inferred from those circumstances.
10. In the case of Padala Veera Reddy v. State of Andhra Pradesh 1990 (27) ACC 32 , the Apex Court laid down that ""When a case rests upon
circumstantial evidence, such evidence must satisfy the following tests:
1. The circumstances from which an inference of guilt is sought to be drawn, must be cogently and firmly established;
2. Those circumstances should be of a definite tendency unerringly pointing towards guilt of the accused;
3. The circumstances, taken cumulatively, should form e chain so complete that there is No escape from the conclusion that with in all human
probability the crime was committed by the accused and none else; and
4. The circumstantial evidence in order to sustain conviction must be complete and incapable of explanation of any other hypothesis than that of the
guilt of the accused and such evidence should not only be consistent with the guilt of the accused but in consistent with his innocence.
11. We have to examine the instant case in the background of the aforesaid principles.
12. We have heard Shri V.M. Zaidi, learned Counsel for the appellant and the learned A.G.A. We have perused the record carefully.
13. The learned Counsel for the appellant has submitted that the appellant has been falsely implicated in this case due to enmity. The prosecution
has tried to prove the following circumstances against appellant Abdul Qayyum:
1. That deceased Mohd. Abid was last seen in the company of the appellant on 7.3.1990 by witnesses PW-1 Mohd. Abrar and PW-3A. Aziz.
2. That on pointing out of the appellant, the dead body of Mohd. Abid was recovered from his house on 9.3.1990 at 6.30 A.M. in the presence of
witness PW-2 Ranjit Singh, one Mohd. Farooq and complaint Fazalur Rahman by the police party which arrested the appellant near the pond of
the village Askaripur within the circle of police station Noorpur district Bijnor.
14. The learned Counsel for the appellant has submitted that the prosecution has utterly failed to prove both the circumstances. The witnesses
examined by the prosecution are wholly unreliable, as is clear from their depositions. The learned Counsel for the appellant has argued that as per
the statement of PW-1 Mohd. Abrar (in his cross examination), he has specifically stated that he had informed complainant Fazalur Rahman (PW-
4) on the next day in the night at 2.00 A.M., that he had seen appellant Abdul Qayyum with Mohd. Abid. Similar statement has been made by
Mohd. Aziz in his cross examination, meaning thereby, these two witnesses had informed the complainant about the fact that they had seen the
accused in the company of deceased before making of report of gumshudgi. The informant had lodged the report of gumshudgi on 8.3.1990 at
6.45 P.M. The perusal of the report suggests that he did not mention this fact in the report that these two witnesses had seen the appellant in the
company of the deceased on the previous day, i.e. on the day, when Mohd. Abid was found missing. The learned Counsel for the appellant, on the
basis of above submission, has argued that when these two witnesses stated that they had informed the complainant about the fact that they had
seen the deceased in the company of the appellant before lodging the report of gumshudgi, there was no reason why this fact was not stated in the
written report made by the complainant.
15. The learned Counsel for the appellant has also invited our attention towards the statement of PW-1 Mohd. Abrar, in which he has stated that
Mohd. Abid was following appellant Abdul Qayyum while PW-3A. Aziz stated that Mohd. Abid was followed by appellant Abdul Qayyum. On
the basis of these arguments, the learned Counsel for the appellant has submitted that the evidence of last seen is not reliable in this case.
16. The learned Counsel for the appellant has further submitted that the evidence relating to the recovery of dead body of the deceased from the
house of the appellant is also not trustworthy. The learned Counsel for the appellant has invited our attention towards the statement of PW-2 Ranjit
Singh who has deposed in his cross examination that kotha from where the dead body was recovered, has a door towards west side and there
was only one door in that kotha. The house from where the dead body was recovered, was dark and the dead body was buried about one fit
below the floor. As per the statement of the complainant (PW-4), the room, from where the dead body was recovered, was dark and the dead
body was recognised in he torch light and as per the deposition of the investigating officer (PW-7) S.I. Gajendra Singh, the place from where the
dead body was recovered, had sufficient light in which the dead body could be recognised.
17. The learned Counsel for the appellant, on the basis of the above grounds, has submitted that in fact the dead body of Mohd. Abid was found
somewhere else and the evidence, that it was recovered on pointing out of the appellant, has been cooked up by the prosecution.
18. The learned A.G.A. has submitted that from the deposition of Mohd. Abrar (PW-1) and A. Aziz (PW-3), it is fully proved that deceased
Mohd. Abid was last seen with the accused by these two witnesses and thereafter on pointing out of the appellant, the dead body of Mohd. Abid
was recovered from the house of the accused in the presence of the complainant, PW-2 Ranjit Singh and the police party and the Sessions Judge
committed No error in recording the finding that the prosecution successfully proved the aforesaid two circumstances against appellant Abdul
Qayyum.
19. We have examined the evidence in the light of the law lad down by the Apex Court and on the basis of submissions made by both the parties.
20. We find sufficient force in the submissions made by the learned Counsel for the appellant that witness Mohd. Abrar (Pw- 1) and A. Aziz (PW-
3) are unreliable witness for the reason that both these witness had specifically stated that they had informed the complainant about their witnessing
the deceased in the company of the appellant on 7.3.1990. This fact was disclosed by them to the complainant the very next day at 2 00 A.M. in
the morning. Deceased Mohd. Abid was missing from 7.3.1990 and the report was lodged on 9.3.1990, if they had told the complainant about
this fact, there was No reason for the complainant not to state this fact in the report of gumshudgi. As per the complainant, these two witnesses
told him that they had seen his son Mohd. Abid at 5.00 P.M. with Abdul Qayyum soon after making the enquiry by him. As per the statement of
Mohd. Abrar (PW-1), he was examined by the investigating officer after 15-20 days and as per the statement of A. Aziz (PW-3), he was
examined after 15-16 days. There is no evidence on record that they were not available to the investigating officer for 15-16 days. On the other
hand, it has also come in the statement of Mohd. Abrar (PW-1) that when the dead body was recovered, he was standing on the road where the
police was also present and he did not disclose this fact to the investigating officer that he had seen the appellant in the company of the deceased.
Similarly A. Aziz (PW-3) had also stated that when the dead body was recovered, he was standing outside. The crowd assembled there. The
police was also there. If this was a fact then there was No reason why they did not disclose it to the police or the complainant that they had seen
the deceased in the company of the appellant.
21. In view of the above facts, we are of the view that these two witnesses cannot be believed. They were not examined by the investigating officer
within reasonable time. One of them was examined after 15-16 days and another was examined by the police after 15-20 days. Thus, we are of
the view that these two witnesses, namely, Mohd. Abrar (PW-1) and A. Aziz (PW-3) had in fact not seen the deceased in the company of the
appellant.
22. When we examine the evidence adduced by the prosecution regarding recovery of the dead body of deceased Mohd. Abid, from the house of
the appellant, on his pointing out, we find that Ranjit Singh (PW-2) had deposed before the court that about a year earlier he had gone to ease
himself in the morning on the pond near the school about 6.30 A.M., he saw the police with Fazalur Rahman. Appellant Abdul Qayyum was also
going towards the village after easing himself. The appellant, seeing the police started running. The police arrested and interrogated him. The
accused said that he had committed mistake, he should be pardoned and thereafter the accused present in the court, confessed that he along with
his mother Raisa had committed murder of Mohd. Abid by throttling him and had been him in his house towards southern corner. The statement
was recorded by the police. The police tied Abdul Qayyum with the rope. Abdul Qayyum walked ahead of the police. Mohd. Farooq and Fazalur
Rahman followed the appellant. They went to the house of appellant Abdul Qayyum. The appellant took them into the house facing towards west.
Thereafter he took them to the southern wall and removed leaves and dug the earth with Khurpi where they saw the dead body of Mohd. Abid.
Thereafter, the dead body was taken out Necessary papers regarding recovery was prepared by the police (Ext. K-9). It has come in his cross
examination that the kotha from which the dead body was recovered, has a door towards west and that kotha has only one door. There are three
kothas in the house of Abdul Qayyum and all these three kothas have only one door. At the time of recovery of the dead body, the main gate of
the house was open and inside the house Raisa Begum and two sisters of Abdul Qayyum were also present.
23. Fazalur Rahman (PW-4) in his examination in chief, has deposed before the court that Abdul Qayyum took them to his house where the used
to tie his buffallows and by side of the wall of that house he took out the dead body of his son. It has come in the cross examination that he cannot
say as to how many rooms are there in Haveli of Abdul Qayyum and the room from where the dead body was recovered, was dark and he had
recognised the dead body in the light of torch.
24. Investigating officer Gajendra Singh (PW-7) has stated in the examination in-chief that the appellant got the dead body recovered on the
southern kotha after removing leaves. He does not know by which vehicle the dead body was taken to the hospital. He does not remember
towards which side the legs of the dead body were pointing out. The place from where the dead body was recovered had sufficient light. The
house was not locked and No body was found inside the house.
25. As per the statement of PW-2, dead body was recovered from the place near the southern wall of the house of the appellant and as per the
statement of the complainant, the dead body was recovered from the place where appellant used to tie his buffallows. According to witnesses, the
room was dark, while as per the statement of the investigating officer, the room had sufficient light.
26. It has also come out from the statement of these witnesses that the main gate of the house of the appellant was open and ladies were present in
the house. It is highly improbable that appellant will bury the dead body on his own house.
27. Motive of crime, is stated by the complainant, is that his wife used to object to the habit of the appellant of committing theft because of which
the appellant was annoyed. It is a very weak motive. It is improbable that with this motive the appellant would kidnap the son of the informant and
commit his murder.
28. Considering the facts and circumstances of the case, we are of the view that prosecution has failed to prove the first circumstance that
deceased Mohd. Abid was seen in the company of the appellant or 7.3.1990 by witnesses Mohd. Abrar and A. Aziz. The prosecution has also
tailed to prove beyond doubt that dead body of deceased Mohd. Abid was recovered from the house of the appellant on 9.3.1990 at 6.30 A.M.
from his house.
29. In view of the above, we find that the evidence adduced by the prosecution to prove the charges against the appellant does not inspire
confidence to make it the basis of conviction. Accordingly, this appeal is allowed. The judgement and order dated 28.5.1992 passed by the IInd
Additional Sessions Judge, Bijnor in Sessions Trial No. 385 of 1990 is hereby set aside. Appellant Abdul Qayyum is acquitted of the charges
levelled against him u/s 302 read with Section 34 IPC and Section 201 IPC. The appellant is in jail. He be set at liberty forthwith, if not wanted in
any case.
30. The copy of this judgement be immediately sent to the court concerned for compliance.