Abhay S. Oka, J
1. Leave granted.
2. The appellant, who is the original first defendant, has taken an exception to the judgment and order dated 22nd March 2016 passed by the High
Court of Karnataka in an appeal being R.F.A.No.494 of 2016 preferred under Section 96 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (for short
‘CPC’).
3. The first respondent who is the original plaintiff, filed a suit in the City Civil Court at Bangalore (now Bengaluru) for a declaration that he was the
absolute owner of the property subject matter of the suit comprising of Site No.28 at BTM Layout, Bangalore. Site No.28, according to the first
respondent, consisted of lands bearing survey nos.56, 57 and 60 of Bilkenahalli Village and survey nos.61, 71 and 72 of N.S. Palya Village, Bangalore
South Taluk, Bangalore. Site No.28 is hereinafter referred as “the suit propertyâ€. Apart from claiming a declaration of ownership, the first
respondent contended that a structure erected by the appellant on the suit property was illegal and therefore, a decree was sought for removal of the
structure. The other two respondents in this appeal were the second and third defendants respectively. The learned Judge of the City Civil Court at
Bangalore, by his judgment and order dated 19th September 2015, passed a declaratory decree by declaring the first respondent as the owner of the
suit property. A decree was also passed directing the appellant and the second respondent to remove the structure on the suit property. The appellant
and the second respondent were also restrained by a decree of perpetual injunction from entering in the suit property and from interfering with the
peaceful possession and enjoyment thereof by first respondent. In paragraph 20 of the said judgment, the learned trial Judge observed that the
appellant and second respondent did not appear despite the service of summons and did not contest the suit. By the impugned judgment and order, the
High Court confirmed the decree on merits.
4. In support of the appeal, apart from raising various contentions on merits of the decree, the learned counsel for the appellant Shri Anand Sanjay M.
Nuli urged that appellant’s address mentioned in the cause title of the suit was incorrect and on the date of institution of the suit, he was residing at
another address set out in the grounds of appeal. Therefore, the suit summons was not duly served upon the appellant.
5. The learned counsel appearing for the appellant submitted that the High Court proceeded on erroneous basis that the issue regarding the failure to
serve the suit summons can be agitated only in an application filed for setting aside ex parte decree by invoking Rule 13 of Order IX of CPC. The
submission of the learned counsel appearing for the appellant is that on the basis of the record of the suit, the appellant could always point out that the
service of summons was not effected or that it was otherwise illegal to proceed ex parte against him. He would further submit that as can be seen
from the rejoinder filed by the appellant, a multi storeyed building consisting of ground and four upper floors has been constructed by the appellant on
the suit property long back and the building is occupied by the purchasers of the premises therein. He submitted that there is a very drastic decree
passed for demolition of the said building constructed on the suit property without impleading the purchasers of the premises therein as parties. He
would, therefore, urge that by setting aside the decree of the trial court, the suit be remanded for fresh adjudication.
6. Shri Arvind Kamath, the learned senior counsel appearing for the first respondentÂplaintiff submitted that the third respondentÂBangalore
Development Authority was the owner of the suit property and that the first respondent is the allottee of the suit property from the third respondent.
He submitted that the sale deed on the basis of which the appellant is claiming ownership is in respect of some other property, as can be seen from the
description of the property in the sale deed. The learned senior counsel relied upon a decision of this Court in the case of Bhanu Kumar Jain v.
Archana Kumar & Anr. (2005) 1 SCC 787 in support of his contention that in an appeal against an ex parte decree, the appellantÂdefendant can
challenge the decree only on merits. If he wants to challenge the decree either on the ground that summons was not duly served to him or that he was
prevented by sufficient cause from appearing in the suit, his remedy is to apply under Rule 13 of Order IX of CPC. He also relied upon another
decision of this Court in the case of Bhivchandra Shankar More v. Balu Gangaram More & Ors. (2019) 6 SCC 387 in which the decision of this Court
in the case of Bhanu Kumar Jain1 was followed. He submitted that it is not open for the appellant to challenge the decree of the trial court on the
ground that summons was not duly served as he has not filed an application for setting aside the decree. He submitted that there is a concurrent
finding of the trial court and High Court that the first respondent has established his title and ownership over the suit property and that the building
constructed thereon is completely illegal. The learned senior counsel, therefore, urged that the present appeal be dismissed.
7. We have given careful consideration to the submissions. Firstly, we will deal with the scope of adjudication in an appeal preferred under Section 96
of CPC by a defendant against whom the trial court has proceeded ex parte and a decree has been passed. In the case of Bhanu Kumar Jain1 a
Bench of three Hon’ble Judges of this Court dealt with a case where an application for setting aside ex parte decree was filed by a defendant
under Rule 13 of Order IX of CPC. The said application was dismissed. Even an appeal preferred against the order of dismissal of the said application
was dismissed. An appeal under Section 96 of CPC was also preferred by the said defendant. The submission before this Court was that the subject
matter of the application under Rule 13 of Order IX of CPC and the subject matter of the appeal against decree being the same, it is against the public
policy to allow two parallel proceedings to continue simultaneously. In paragraph 23 of the decision, this Court noted that the question before it was
whether an appeal against ex parte decree was maintainable despite the fact that an application under Rule 13 of Order IX of CPC was dismissed.
Paragraphs 24 to 27 of the said decision read thus :
“24. An appeal against an ex parte decree in terms of Section 96(2) of the Code could be filed on the following grounds
(i) the materials on record brought on record in the ex parte proceedings in the suit by the plaintiff would not entail a decree in his favour, and
(ii) the suit could not have been posted for ex parte hearing.
25. In an application under Order 9 Rule 13 of the Code, however, apart from questioning the correctness or otherwise of an order posting the case
for ex parte hearing, it is open to the defendant to contend that he had sufficient and cogent reasons for not being able to attend the hearing of the suit
on the relevant date.
26. When an ex parte decree is passed, the defendant (apart from filing a review petition and a suit for setting aside the ex parte
decree on the ground of fraud) has two clear options, one, to file an appeal and another to file an application for setting aside the order
in terms of Order 9 Rule 13 of the Code. He can take recourse to both the proceedings simultaneously but in the event the appeal is
dismissed as a result whereof the ex parte decree passed by the trial court merges with the order passed by the appellate court, having
regard to Explanation appended to Order 9 Rule 13 of the Code a petition under Order 9 Rule 13 would not be maintainable. However,
Explanation I appended to the said provision does not suggest that the converse is also true.
27. In an appeal filed in terms of Section 96 of the Code having regard to Section 105 thereof, it is also permissible for an appellant to raise a
contention as regards correctness or otherwise of an interlocutory order passed in the suit, subject to the conditions laid down therein.â€
[Emphasis added]
This Court held that though after dismissal of an appeal under Section 96 of CPC against ex parte decree, application under Rule 13 of Order IX of
CPC will not be maintainable, there is no bar on unsuccessful defendant adopting both the remedies simultaneously. In such a case, if the regular
appeal against the decree is dismissed, obviously the application under Rule 13 of Order IX of CPC cannot proceed. The reason is that explanation to
Rule 13 of Order IX of CPC lays down that where there has been an appeal against a decree passed ex parte and the appeal has been disposed of on
any ground other than withdrawal, application for setting aside ex parte decree will not lie. However, in the event an application under Rule 13 of
Order IX of CPC is dismissed, the defendant can prosecute the appeal against the decree as a right to prefer appeal under Section 96 cannot be taken
away in absence of any express provision to the contrary in CPC. In paragraph 38 of the aforesaid decision, this Court held that when application
under Rule 13 of Order IX of CPC filed by a defendant is dismissed, the defendant cannot be permitted to raise a contention as regards the
correctness or otherwise of the order posting the suit for ex parte hearing and/or existence of a sufficient cause for nonÂappearance of the
defendant.
8. In this case, the question is when the defendant did not avail the remedy under Rule 13 of Order IX of CPC, whether it is open for him to agitate in
the regular appeal against the decree that the trial court had no justification for proceeding ex parte against the appellant. In such a case, though the
appellant would not be entitled to lead evidence in appeal for making out a sufficient cause for his absence before the trial court, he can always argue
on the basis of the record of the suit that either the suit summons was not served upon him or that even otherwise also, the trial court was not justified
in proceeding ex parte against him. The reason is that under Section 105 of CPC, when a decree is appealed from, any error, defect or irregularity in
any order affecting the decision of the case can be set forth as a ground of objection in the Memorandum of Appeal. Thus, in such a case, the
appellant can always urge in an appeal against the decree that an interim or interlocutory order passed during the pendency of the suit affecting the
decision of the case was illegal. Therefore, the appellant, while challenging ex parte decree by filing an appeal, can always point out from the record
of the trial court that the order passed to proceed with the suit ex parte against him was illegal. As held in the case of Bhanu Kumar Jain1, only when
the application made by a defendant under Rule 13 of Order IX of CPC is dismissed that such a defendant cannot agitate in the appeal against ex
parte decree that the order directing that the suit shall proceed ex parte was illegal or incorrect. However, in this case, the appellant has not filed
application under Rule 13 of Order IX of CPC. Therefore, such a contention can be raised by him.
9. Now coming to the facts of the case in hand, we find that there is a noting in the order sheet of the trial court dated 27th October 2014 that the
summons issued to the appellant and second respondent was returned unserved with the remark that their respective premises were locked. However,
on 05th January 2015, the trial court ordered issue of summons by Registered Post Acknowledgement Due at the same address. The order sheet of
05th March 2015 records that the summons sent to the appellant and the second respondent by post was returned with the remarks “Intimation
Deliveredâ€. Thus, the record shows that an attempt to serve summons by the regular mode failed as the premises of the appellant were found to be
locked. The trial court did not direct affixing of a copy of the summons on the outer door of the premises in which the appellant was residing, as
required by Rule 17 of Order V of CPC. Without verifying whether the address of the appellant, as shown in the cause title of the suit was correct,
summons was ordered to be served through Registered Post AD. Therefore, in our view, there was no warrant for proceeding ex parte against the
appellant.
10. Moreover, we find from the rejoinder that a multi storeyed building consisting of ground plus four floors has been constructed on the suit property
and the residential premises in the building on the suit property have been occupied by different persons. As noted earlier, there is a decree passed for
the demolition of the building constructed on the suit property. This is one more reason why we are inclined to accept the prayer for remand of the
suit. The suit was instituted in the year 2014. As a result of passing an order of remand, the disposal of the suit filed by the first respondent will be
delayed. Therefore, the appellant will have to be saddled with costs quantified at Rs.2,00,000/Â (Rupees two lacs only). Though we are not making
any adjudication on the issue whether the occupants of the building are necessary parties to the suit, a liberty will have to be granted to the first
respondent, if he so desires, to implead the persons in possession of the premises in the building constructed on the suit property.
11. Accordingly, the present appeal is partly allowed. The impugned judgment and order dated 22nd March 2016 passed by the High Court as well as
the impugned judgment and decree dated 19th September 2015 passed by the learned Judge of the City Civil Court at Bangalore are hereby set aside.
Original Suit No.6610 of 2014 is restored to the file of the City Civil Court, Bangalore.
12. The parties to the appeal shall mark their presence before the learned Principal Judge, City Civil Court at Bangalore on Monday, the 26th
September 2022 at 10:30 a.m. It will be open to the Principal Judge of the City Civil Court to transfer the suit for disposal to any of the Judges of the
City Civil Court. The appellant shall file his written statement within maximum period of one month from 26th September 2022. Under no
circumstances, the appellant shall be granted extension of time to file written statement. Considering the fact that the suit is of the year 2014, the trial
court shall endeavour to give necessary priority to the disposal of the suit.
13. The first respondent shall be entitled to costs quantified at Rs.2,00,000/Â (Rupees two lacs only) from the appellant. The payment of costs shall be
the condition precedent. The appellant shall either directly pay the costs amount to the first respondent and produce the receipt thereof within four
weeks from today or shall deposit the costs amount with the City Civil Court within four weeks from today.
