Ajit K. Sengupta, J.@mdashThe assessee is a limited company engaged in the business of manufacture and sale of aluminium foils. The assessment
year involved is 1980-81. The assessee called for deducting the following three items of excise duty while computing the business income:
Rs.
(1) Demand notice dated 3-8-1979 2,57,304
(2) Demand notice dated 20-9-1979 56.84,425
(3) Estimated liability not covered by demand notice 25,30,000
The case of the assessee before the ITO was that it was not liable to excise duty. It moved the High Court to pass an interim order restraining the
Central Excise authorities to realise the duty. By a notification dated 13-12-1980 the Government exempted aluminium foils from payment of duty
if they are made for export. This exemption became effective from 5-1-1981, i.e., subsequent to the previous year under consideration. The ITO
disallowed the claim of the assessee on the ground that the excise duty related to a period prior to the previous year under consideration and so the
same was not allowable under the mercantile system of accounting.
2. On appeal, the Commissioner (Appeals) found that the sum of Rs. 2,57,304 was relatable to the clearance of goods made during the year
1979, which is the relevant previous year now under consideration. Hence, he held that the statutory liability to pay the duty arose on the clearance
of the goods notwithstanding the fact that the assessee was disputing its liability. Relying on the decision in the case of The Kedarnath Jute Mfg.
Co. Ltd. Vs. The Commissioner of Income Tax, (Central), Calcutta, he directed to allow the sum of Rs. 2,57,304 as a deduction. However, so far
as the other two items were concerned, he did not find any case in favour of the assessee as those demands related to a period prior to the
previous year under consideration. Hence, he disallowed the other two amounts.
3. The assessee came up in appeal to the Tribunal and contended that the other two items should also have been allowed. On the other hand, the
revenue supported the disallowance of those two items. The department also came up in appeal contending that the allowance of Rs. 2,57,304 by
the Commissioner (Appeals) was erroneous and the same should be reversed. The Tribunal considered the contentions of both the parties as well
as the facts on record. It found that in the case of Kedarnath Jute Mfg. Co. Ltd. (supra) it has been held that the statutory liability to pay a duty
arises on the happening of event attracting the levy of duty. There was no dispute about the fact that the clearance in respect of which the sum of
Rs. 2,57,304 was levied as duty was made during the previous year under consideration. It was the clearance of the goods which attracted
statutory excise duty. Hence, the Tribunal held that the sum of Rs. 2,57,304 was rightly allowed by the Commissioner (Appeals) as a deduction.
However, regarding the other two items, the Tribunal found no nexus between the expenses and the previous year under consideration. The
Tribunal observed that the clearance of the manufactured products occurred long before the previous year under consideration. Hence, relying on
the decision in the case of Kedarnath Jute Mfg. Co. Ltd. (supra) the Tribunal upheld both the allowance of Rs. 2,57,304 and the disallowance of
Rs. 82,14,425 made by the Commissioner (Appeals).
4. The Tribunal having rejected the reference application u/s 256(1) of the income tax Act, 1961 (''the Act''), the following questions were referred
pursuant to the direction of this Court u/s 256(2):
1. Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was justified in holding that the statutory liability to pay excise duty
arises at the time of clearance of the goods ?
2. Whether, the Tribunal should have held that the liability to excise duty is attracted on the point of production or manufacture of the goods and,
accordingly, the liability for Rs. 2,57,304 being referable to earlier year was not admissible as a deduction in the assessment year 1980-81?
3. Without any prejudice to the above questions of law, whether, in view of the High Court''s stay order there was any statutory liability to pay
excise duty during the previous year relevant to the assessment year 1980-81 in respect of the amount of Rs. 2,57,304 and if there was no such
liability, whether the Tribunal was justified in allowing deduction of Rs. 2.57,304 in assessment year 1980-81?
5. Having heard the advocates for the parties, we are of view that the questions should be reframed as follows:
Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was justified in holding that the liability in respect of the excise duty
amounting to Rs. 2,57,304 is allowable as a deduction in the assessment year 1980-81?
6. At the hearing before us, Mr. Maltra, the learned counsel for the revenue, contended that no part of the liability claimed accrued during the
relevant previous year as, according to him, the duties of excise are imposed on production or manufacture of goods and the taxable event occurs
on the production or manufacture of goods. It is his contention that the liability to pay excise duty does not depend on the clearance of goods. He
has submitted that In this case admittedly the goods were not manufactured during the relevant previous year and the question of levying the excise
duty during the assessment year did not arise. We are, however, unable to accept the contention of the learned counsel on the facts and in the
circumstances of the case.
7. The Supreme Court In Ujagar Prints v. Union of India [1989] 179 ITR 317 observed as follows:
Duties of excise are imposed on the production or manufacture of goods and are levied upon the manufacturer or the producer in respect of the
commodity taxed. The question whether the producer or the manufacturer is or is not the owner of the goods is not determinative of the liability.
The essential and conceptual nature of the tax is to be kept clearly distinguished from both the extent of the power to impose and the stage at
which the tax is imposed. Though the levy is on the production or manufacture of the goods, the imposition of the duty could be at the stage which
the law considers most convenient to impose as long as a rational relationship with the nature of the tax is maintained. (p. 348)
8. It is, no doubt, true that the duty is on the manufacture or production of goods, but as a matter of fact, in accordance with the rules, the duty is
payable at the time when the goods are cleared from the factory premises. In this case, as we have already observed, the contention of the
assessee was that it was not liable to pay any excise duty on aluminium foils. The assessee made a representation to the authorities for exemption,
but without any success. The assessee thereafter moved a writ petition on 6-5-1980 against the show-cause-cum-demand notice dated 3-8-1979
issued during the relevant previous year. The High Court passed an interim order restraining the Central Excise authorities from levying duty on
aluminium foils. Thereafter the Central Government issued a notification on 13-12-1980 exempting aluminium foils from the payment of excise duty
for export under bond. This notification was made effective from 5-1 -1981. Accordingly, the goods manufactured and cleared prior to the said
notification were liable to duty. In this case the show-cause-cum-demand notice was issued during the relevant previous year. The goods were also
cleared during the relevant previous year and, accordingly, the assessee is entitled to the benefit of deduction of the liability covered by the said
show-cause-cum-demand notice in respect of the goods cleared during the relevant previous year. It is true that the duty is disputed, but as we
have observed, in view of the subsequent notification it became crystal clear that the Government did not allow exemption on the manufacture of
aluminium foils prior to 5-1-1981.
9. Our attention has been drawn also to a decision of this Court in Commissioner of Income Tax Vs. Century Enka Ltd., In that case the assessee-
company was engaged in the manufacture of nylon yarn. In 1969 the Asstt. Collector of Central Excise informed it that it was liable to pay excise
duty on the production of polymer chips. The assessee disputed its liability on the ground that polymer chips were utilised by the assessee itself in
the manufacture of nylon yarn. The Asstt. Collector held that the assessee was liable to pay excise duty. However, no demand notice had been
issued for the excise duty. The assessee made a provision for the liability of excise duty for the assessment year 1971-72 in the sum of Rs.
14,96,000 and of Rs. 17 lakhs for the assessment year 1972-73 in its accounts which were maintained on the mercantile system and claimed them
as business expenditure. It was held that the provision for excise duty of Rs. 15,26,000 and Rs. 17 lakhs was allowable as deduction for the
assessment years 1971-72 and 1972-73.
10. In Commissioner of Income Tax Vs. Orient Supply Syndicate, the assessees which followed the mercantile system of accounting, claimed a
deduction of Rs. 29,008 for the assessment year 1964-65 as provident fund contribution made by the assessee under the Employees'' Provident
Funds Act, 1952. The ITO and the AAC disallowed the claim on the ground that the contribution related to earlier years. On further appeal, the
Tribunal found that though this was a statutory liability under the Employees'' Provident Funds Act to make contributions, it was never enforced
under the Act in the earlier years, and it was only in the year under appeal that the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner called upon the
assessee to make statutory contributions for the entire period from November 1957, and that since the demand for the statutory contribution was
made by the authorities for the first time during the year under appeal, the entire amount paid in that year was an allowable deduction. A letter
addressed to the assessee by the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner indicated that a decision was pending for compliance with the statute for
the period 1-11-1957 to 31-12-1960. On a reference, a Division Bench of this Court held that in part the statutory liability admittedly accrued in
the year in question and in part became real and enforceable in the year in question though referable to the earlier years. The sum of Rs. 29,008
was, therefore, allowable as a deduction for the assessment year 1964-65.
11. Our attention has also been drawn to a decision of a Division Bench of this Court in Shalimar Chemical Works Private Ltd. Vs. Commissioner
of Income Tax, In that case the assessee-company which came within the purview of the substituted section 2 of the Act became liable to
contribute for insurance to the ESI Corporation but did not make any contribution as required by the substituted section nor did it initiate any
proceedings challenging the substituted section 2. The ESI authorities informed the assessee in January 1974 about the decisions of the Courts and
also demanded contributions as per the substituted section. On a further demand being made by the authorities on 20-2-1974, the assessee agreed
to pay the contribution as demanded. For the assessment year 1975-76 the assessee claimed deduction of Rs. 45,191 as expenditure incurred on
account of contribution to the ESI Corporation for the period from 28-1-1968 to 30-6-1978. The ITO rejected the claim for deduction on the
ground that the same was not a liability for the year under consideration. The AAC affirmed the order of the ITO on the ground that as the
assessee followed the mercantile system of accounting, the liability accruing under a statute was allowable as a deduction in the year when the
liability accrued under the statute itself as amended and as the assessee did not make any provision for such liability in the earlier years, the same
was not an allowable deduction for the assessment year 1975-76. The Tribunal affirmed the order of the AAC. On a reference this Court held that
though the statutory liability was created by Act No. 44 of 1966, the liability became real and enforceable in the relevant subsequent year though
the demand was referable to the earlier years. The position was clarified by the High Courts upholding the validity of the extension of the statute
after which the assessee was called upon to discharge its liability. From a commercial point of view, the assessee was at that stage entitled to treat
the demand of the ESI authorities as final and enforceable and the liability as having accrued on the said demand at that stage. Therefore, the sum
of Rs. 45,191 was allowable as a deduction for the assessment year 1975-76.
12. It is, therefore, not correct to contend that since the goods were not manufactured during the relevant previous year, the assessee was not
entitled to the deduction of excise duty. Since the excise duty became real and enforceable inasmuch as the goods were cleared during the relevant
previous year and the show-cause-cum-demand notice was also issued to the assessee during the same relevant previous year, although it may be
that the assessee disputed the duty when the goods were manufactured or produced and, accordingly, moved the High Court, and the goods
became non-dutiable with effect from 5-1-1981, the demand, although earlier disputed, became real and enforceable and the Tribunal was right in
allowing the deduction in the previous year in question. For the reasons aforesaid, we answer the refrained question in the affirmative and in favour
of the assessee.
There will be no order as to costs.
Sen, J. -
I agree.
