Basil Scott, Kt., C.J.@mdashThis is a suit by an alleged mortgagee against the Talukdari Settlement Officer and the Talukdar whose estate is in his
charge, for a declaration that the first defendant had no right on behalf of the second defendant to take possession of the field alleged to be
mortgaged to the plaintiff, and for an order for possession of the field. The field was originally part of the Talukdari estate owned by Jethusangji,
the uncle of the second defendant. In 1862 Jethusangji granted this field together with other lands to Gobarsangji, father of the second defendant,
as a cadet of the Talukdar family for jiwai or maintenance according to the custom in vogue among Talukdars. Estates so granted in jiwai
according to custom descend by inheritance to the descendants of the grantee but revert to the grantor on failure of the grantee''s line. On the 19th
of April 1889 Gobarsangji mortgaged the field in question with possession to the plaintiff''s father. In 1894 the mortgagor died and in 1895 the
mortgagee died. But after the death of the mortgagor the mortgagee and subsequently his son remained in possession of the field claiming to hold
as mortgagees. In November 1907 the Talukdari Settlement Officer sent a notice to the plaintiff u/s 202 of the Land Revenue Code calling upon
him to vacate the land in question. The plaintiff then filed this suit, and after the suit the Talukdari Settlement Officer purporting to act under the
provisions of. 79A of the Land Revenue Code as amended by Section 33 of the Gujarat-Talukdars Act summarily evicted the plaintiff.
2. The case came first before the Assistant Judge of Ahmedabad who decided it in favour of the defendants holding that the plaintiff was an
incumbrancer of a Talukdar''s estate under an incumbrance made by a Talukdar and that therefore his title was invalid after 1894, the year of the
death of Gobarsangji, and that the claim by the plaintiff to hold by virtue of adverse possession since 1894 could not be supported in that the
Talukdari Settlement Officer, exercising the powers of a Collector lawfully conferred upon him, had evicted the plaintiff u/s 79A of the Land
Revenue Code.
3. The plaintiff appealed to the District Judge who-held that Gobarsangji was not a Talukdar creating an incumbrance on a Talukdar''s estate within
the meaning of Section 31 of the Gujarat-Talukdars Act of 1888, and that therefore the plaintiff was entitled to succeed.
4. From his decision this appeal has been .preferred and the two points decided by the Assistant Judge have been argued before us. We are of
opinion that the--respondent is entitled to succeed on the ground that he has been in adverse possession claiming title as an incumbrancer for more
than twelve years since the death of Gobarsangji. It is not therefore necessary for us to consider and decide the difficult question whether a
jiwaidar is a Talukdar within the meaning of the Gujarat-Talukdars Act of 1888. Section 31 provides that no incumbrance on a Talukdar''s estate
made by a Talukdar after the Act comes in force shall be valid as to any time beyond such Talukdar''s natural life. Assuming that the mortgage of
the plaintiff''s father was an incumbrance made by the Talukdar, the incumbrance which is claimed by virtue of adverse possession since the death
of the Talukdar would not fall within the section, but would be an incumbrance arising '' from the operation of the law of limitation. It is not
therefore an incumbrance within the purview of. 31, and the possession of the incumbrancer claiming by virtue of adverse possession would not be
an occupation in contravention of any of the provisions of the Gujarat-Talukdars Act of 1888 referred to in Section 33 (2), class. (cc), for the
purpose of supplementing the provisions of Section 79A of the Land Revenue Code.
5. It was, however, held by the learned Assistant Judge that, because it has been held that under the Bhagdari Act V of 1862 adverse possession
by virtue of the law of limitation cannot avail against the Collector taking possession u/s 3 of the Act, the same principle must apply in the case of a
Collector taking possession u/s 79A of the Land Revenue Code. A reference to the provisions of Section 3 of the Bhagdari Act makes it clear that
it confers upon the Collector very different powers. Under the Bhagdari Act it is lawful for the Collector whenever he shall upon due inquiry find
that any person is in possession of any Bhag in violation of any of the provisions of Section 3, summarily to remove him from and to restore
possession to the person whom the Collector shall deem to be entitled thereto; that is to say, the notwithstanding the provisions of Section 28 of
the Limitation Act, although the right of a previous proprietor of a Bhag or a share of the Bhag has become extinguished, it is lawful for the
Collector, if he deems fit, to restore possession to that person. There is, however, no such provision in Section 79A. of the Land Revenue Code.
The Collector cannot take property from one person and give it to another whom he may consider to be entitled. He can only interfere where the
occupation is wrongful or in contravention of the terms of the Act in the case of Gujarat-Talukdars, and here, as we have pointed out, the
occupation of the plaintiff is legalised by the law of limitation and is not in contravention of the terms of the Talukdars Act.
6. For these reasons we affirm the decree of the lower Court and dismiss the appeal with costs.
