Viscount Haldane, J.@mdashThis is an appeal from a decree of the High Court at Calcutta, dated June 29, 1923, which reversed a decree of the
Subordinate Judge of the 24 Parganas, dated February 2, 1921, who dismissed the suit. The question was whether the appellant had acquired a
title to certain property by adverse possession. The property consists of what has been called the three-storied portion of a house in Ram Kamal
Mukherjee''s Street in Calcutta, The house belonged to one Digambar Das, who died in 1888, leaving a will. The appellant is his eldest son, the
first respondent is his younger son, and the second respondent is the appellant''s mother. The question is, What was the state of the title under the
will? The relevant words are these :-
My elder wife shall have the right of residence for the term of her natural life in the three-storied portion and my younger wife in the two-storied
portion of my house No. 35, Ram Kamal Mukherjee''s Street. I direct my executor to pay into the hands of the said Shama Churn Bose the sum
of 3,000 Rupees to complete the unfinished portions of the three-storied portion of my said house No. 35, Ram Kamal Mukherjee''s Street.
2. What happened was that in 1898 there was a partition suit instituted in the High Court by the appellant, in which a decree was passed allotting
to him the three-storied portion of the house, subject to the right of residence of his mother during her life. In 1899 the right, title and interest of the
appellant in the three-storied portion of the house was sold in execution of a decree and purchased by one Prince Kumar Kader Meerza. The
purchase was expressed to be subject to the right of residence of the widow. Before and ever since the sale, the widow has been residing in the
three-storied portion of the house, and there has been no attempt to evict her or to enter into occupation by the purchaser. On September 14,
1917, the purchaser re-sold to the respondent, the younger half-brother of the appellant. Then the suit was brought, the basis of the claim being
that ever since the purchase by Prince Kumar Kader Meerza, the appellant had been is possession of the house adversely to the purchaser and
had thus acquired a complete title before the purchase by the respondent, which was more than twelve years later. The Subordinate Judge thought
that all the widow took under the will was a Hindu widow''s right of residence in the part allotted to her and that, therefore, the purchaser had the
right to live in the three-storied portion of the house with her, and that, if the appellant lived there, the title of the purchaser was extinguished before
he re-sold to the respondent; but the High Court took a different view. They said that the question was one simply of the construction of this Hindu
will, and the learned Judges, Mr. Justice Mookerjee and Mr. Justice Rankin decided that the gift to the widow was for her life and the title of the
widow was to occupy the whole of the three-storied portion of the house and that no question arose as to any other right of a widow to have a
residence provided for her under the general Hindu law. What there really is a gift which indicates the intention of the testator to allow his widow to
occupy the whole of the three-storied portion of the house as her exclusive residence. Under the Hindu law, unlike the law of this country, there is
no question of splitting up the fee simple and of creating a freehold estate for life. A nearer analogy is the law of Scotland, under which, as under
the Indian law, the fee is not permitted to be split up, but a burden is created which conrens a full life interest. Here what the learned Judges have
held is that as a matter of intention this widow was entitled to reside in the house and reside in it exclusively. That is very definitely stated in the
judgment.
3. In these circumstances their Lordships think that the words of the document are such as to justify the conclusion arrived at by the two Judges in
the High Court, and did not justify the conclusion arrived at by the Subordinate Judge, They will, therefore, humbly advise His Majesty that the
appeal should be dismissed with costs.