1. This appeal is directed against an order of the Court below refusing to set aside a sale held in execution of a mortgage-decree. The decree was
made so far back as the 12th September, 1900, and the sale, the validity of which is now impeached, took place on the 22nd February 1908. The
properties were sold, one for Rs. 6,000 and the other for Rs. 2,025. On the 23rd February, 1903, the judgment-debtors applied to have the sale
set aside on various grounds. Of these three have been pressed before this Court and an additional ground, apparently not urged in the Court
below, has also been taken on behalf of the appellant. It has been argued on behalf of the appellant, first, that there was a deliberate mis-statement
of the value of the properties in the sale-proclamation; secondly, that the decree-holder employed a benamdar to offer fictitious bids and the effect
of this arrangement was to mislead the bidders who were present; thirdly, that the evidence of service of sale proclamation is by no means
sufficient; and, fourthly, that as the decree-holder obtained leave from the Court to bid at the sale and to purchase the properties for the decretal
debt, their conduct in purchasing the properties for a smaller price by the intervention of a benamdar is fraudulent.
2. In so far as the first of these contentions is concerned, the ground has been very satisfactorily made out. The properties sold consisted of three
and-a-half annas share of Taluk No. 837 on the Rolls of the Collectorate of the district of Khulna, and two tenures by name Shahkhali and
Panchpara the former of which bore a rental of Rs. 92-9 and the latter Rs. 79-2-9. In the sale proclamation, the approximate value of the first
property was stated to be Rs. 3,000 and the value of the second property comprising the two tenures just mentioned was stated to be, Rs. 2,000.
Now in so far as the first property is concerned, it is not disputed that the true value is considerably above Rs. 3,000. In fact the decree-holder
purchased the property through his benamdar for Rs. 5,000. The Subordinate Judge has held that it is not established that the true value exceeds
Rs. 6,000. We are not prepared, however, to accept his view as well-founded on the evidence. On behalf of the judgment-debtor it was stated by
more than one witness competent to express an opinion on the point, that the value was considerably higher, and the Tahsildar of the judgment-
debtor stated that the annual profits of the first property amounted to between seven hundred and eight hundred rupees. There was a feeble
attempt at cross-examination and the only suggestion that was made on behalf of the decree-holder was that as the collection papers were not
produced, reliance ought not to be placed upon the oral testimony of the Tahsildar of the judgment-debtors. This criticism is, no doubt, just to
some extent. But this is by no means the only circumstance to which weight ought to be attached. We know that this witness Chandra Nath also
deposed that the annual profits of the second property amounted to Rs. 414. This was not seriously challenged on behalf of the decree-holders
and the Subordinate Judge has found that the value of the second property is about Rs. 8,000, which goes to indicate that the income was about
Rs. 400 as stated by the witness. We have also the additional circumstance that there is no evidence on the side of the decree-holder as to the
income of either of the two properties. The decree-holders are not strangers to the properties. They are mortgagees and must be taken to have
ascertained their value approximately at least before they accepted them as securities. But it is also clear upon the evidence of their witness
Annoda that before they offered bids at the sale they had an opportunity to ascertain the income of these properties. Annoda says that the decree-
holders saw the settlement papers in order to know the assets of the first property and that Prosanna the naib or head officer of the decree-holders
had with him another paper which showed the assets of the second property. Under these circumstances, the decree-holders were in a position to
make an approximate, if not a definite, statement as to the value of the properties. They have made no attempt to elucidate the matter. We are of
opinion, therefore, that the Subordinate Judge ought not to have disregarded the testimony of Chandra Nath that the income of the first property
was between seven hundred and eight hundred rupees. If the income is as alleged, there is no question that Rs. 3,000, is too low an estimate of the
value of the property. Apart, however, from the circumstance that the value of the properties were deliberately mis-stated in the sale proclamation,
there is ample evidence to show that the mis-statement was made with a purpose. When the properties came to be sold on the 22nd February, the
decree-holder offered a bid of Rs. 3,000. He must have known at the time that the properties were worth Considerably more. His benamdar
offered bids successively ranging from Rs. 3,500 to Rs. 6,000. There was only one outsider present, who offered a bid for Rs. 5,700. Under these
circumstances, it is obvious that an outsider would hesitate to offer any very large bids; he would naturally assume that the decree-holder
mortgagee knew the value of the property, and as he had valued it at Rs. 3,000, and offered a bid from that sum only, the property could be worth
very much more. If the stranger bidder had been aware that the other bids were offered not by a stranger to the property but by the decree-holder
mortgagee himself, he might have been encouraged to offer larger bids. We must hold, therefore, that this conduct on the part of the decree-holder
in offering bids through a benamdar, considerably in excess of the value which he deliberately stated in the sale proclamation, was calculated to
mislead and was consequently fraudulent. On this ground alone the sale ought to be set aside.
3. In so far as the second property is concerned, upon the facts found by the Subordinate Judge, there can be no question that the property has
been under-sold. The value of the property was stated to be Rs. 2,000. The decree-holder offered a bid for that sum and then his benamdar
offered a bid for Rs. 2,025. There was no other bidder and the property was knocked down to the highest bidder. The Subordinate Judge has
found that the value of the property is Rs. 8,000. He holds, however, that the property could not fetch its proper value at the sale, as part of it had
been previously sold for arrears of rent and purchased by a third party. In this Court, this point has been elaborated on the side of the respondent
and it has been suggested that other portions of the property also had been sold previously in execution of a decree for arrears of rent. In our
opinion the materials on the record, so far as this aspect of the case is concerned, are so meagre that we are not justified in making any deduction
from the value of the property by reason of the circumstance that portions thereof had been previously sold. It may also be pointed out that the
circumstances in connection with the alleged previous sales are by no means free from suspicion. The second property as already stated consists of
two items, Sapagachi and Panchpara. The rent payable for Sapagachi is Rs. 92 and that for Panchpara Rs. 79. Assuming that the value of the
entire property was Rs. 8,000, the value of the portions would be approximately Rs. 4,300 and Rs. 3,700. It has been stated on behalf of the
respondent that Sapagachi was sold for arrears of rent on the 13th February, 1906, for Rs. 200 and Panchpara on the 21st November 1908, for
Rs. 300. We are not in a position to say under what circumstances these took place, nor is there any evidence on the record to show that the sales
were held in execution of rent decrees and that the purchaser took the property with power to annul all encumbrances. On the other hand, the very
circumstance that the property, worth Rs. 8,000, was sold for Rs. 500, justifies the inference that the purchases took the property subject to
encumbrances. If so, there would be no ground for the suggestion that the value of the property was depreciated by reason of these two sales. We
must, therefore, hold that when the second property, which the Subordinate Judge has found to be worth Rs. 8,000, was sold for Rs. 20-25, the
judgment-debtor suffered substantial loss. We must not also overlook the fact that there was no bidder for the property except the decree-holder
himself. Here also it may be observed that the device adopted by the decree-holder of the interposition of a benamdar would effectively mislead
the Court. If the benamdar had not offered a bid, the officer who conducted the sale would in ordinary course have referred the matters to the
Judge and it is not unlikely that a fresh sale might have been ordered upon service of a new proclamation. On these facts, we are of opinion that the
case is completely covered by the decision of the Judicial Committee in Saadatmand Khan v. Phul Kuar 20 A. 412 : 2.C.W.N. 550 (P.C.) : 25
I.A. 146. As the appellants are entitled to the first and second grounds, it is not necessary to investigate the third ground as to the non-service of
the sale proclamation.
4. In so far as the fourth ground is concerned, we may observe that it was not taken in the Court below and the learned Vakil for the respondent
has suggested with some force that the interpretation now sought to be put by the appellant upon the petition of the 17th February, 1908, is not
correct. It is needless, however, to discuss the question, because as we have already stated, the sale must be set set aside on other grounds.
5. The result, therefore, is that this appeal must be allowed, the order of the Court below discharged and the sale held on the 22nd February,
1908, set aside. The appellants are entitled to their costs both here and in the Court below. We assess the hearing fee in this Court at five gold
mohurs.
