M. Sasidharan Nambiar, J.@mdashAppellant was convicted and sentenced to imprisonment for life and a fine of Rs. 50,000 and in default, simple imprisonment for six months for the offence u/s 302 of Indian Penal Code by the I Additional Sessions Judge, Kozhikode in S.C. No. 603 of 2005. The prosecution case is that accused married deceased Sheeba 2 1/2 years earlier to the date of the incident and they were residing at Goodallur and a child was born in that wedlock. On 15-10-2003, accused along with his wife and child came to the family house of Sheeba. Sheeba was then pregnant. Appellant suspected that he is not responsible for the said pregnancy of Sheeba. On 17-10-2003, at about 3 p.m., accused inflicted an injury on the neck of Sheeba with intention to cause her death, from the bed room while she was feeding the child and thereby caused her death and committed the offence u/s 302 IPC. When the final report was filed, the case was committed to Sessions Court, by Judicial First Class Magistrate I, Thamarassery. The learned Sessions Judge took the case on file and made it over to the First Additional Sessions Court, for trial. Appellant was produced before the learned Sessions Judge and he was defended by a counsel of his choice. When charge for the offence u/s 302 IPC was framed, read over and explained, appellant pleaded not guilty. Prosecution examined 17 witnesses, marked 15 exhibits and identified 7 material objects. After closing the prosecution evidence, the accused was questioned u/s 313 of Code of Criminal Procedure. He denied the incriminating evidence put to him and filed a written statement contending that he was cultivating plantains and earning livelihood. In 2002, he sustained loss in the cultivation and from Onam 2003 onwards, he was mentally disturbed and therefore, came to Kozhikode for treatment from a Psychiatrist and started residing in his wife''s house. He came to know later that his wife sustained injury and died. He got that information only while he was in Central Prison, Kannur. He has no knowledge as to what transpired after he reached his wife''s house. While he was in Central Prison, Kannur, he was treated at District Hospital, Kannur for mental illness. After he was released on bail, he was treated for mental illness in Mental Health Centre, Kuthiravattom, Kozhikode and is even now under the treatment for mental illness.
2. Learned Sessions Judge finding that appellant cannot be acquitted u/s 232 of Code of Criminal Procedure (hereinafter referred to as the ''Code''), called upon the appellant to enter on his defence and adduce evidence. Appellant then examined D.Ws. 1 and 2 and marked Exhibits D-1 to D-3(d). At that stage, appellant filed CMP. No. 17 of 2008 before the learned Sessions Judge seeking a direction to send him for examination before the medical board to ascertain his mental condition and to issue a certificate. Learned Sessions Judge, by order dated 22-1-2008, finding that accused had undergone treatment for some period, directed the Superintendent of Medical College, Kozhikode to constitute a medical board at the earliest and to examine the accused and to forward a certificate on his mental condition. Appellant was admitted in the psychiatry ward of Medical College Hospital, Kozhikode on 1-2-2008 and was discharged on 7-2-2008, after evaluation by the medical board. The medical board, after evaluation, reported that the accused is fit to stand for trial, though he needs continuation of treatment under supervision and periodic follow up. The appellant thereafter examined D.W. 3 and got marked Exts. D-4, D-5 and X-1. The learned Sessions Judge, on hearing the learned Public Prosecutor and the counsel appearing for the appellant found that the plea raised by the appellant was u/s 84 IPC and though the evidence show that appellant was treated for mental illness later, there is no evidence to prove that at the time of committing the offence, appellant was incapable of knowing the nature of the act or that he is doing what is either wrong or contrary to law. On the evidence, it was found that appellant inflicted the injury on the neck of his wife and caused her death and thereby, committed the offence. He was accordingly convicted and sentenced, as stated earlier.
3. Learned counsel appearing for the appellant pointed out that as borne out from the records, the learned Magistrate, before committing the appellant to the Sessions Court, did not comply with the mandatory provisions of Section 328 of the Code. It was pointed out that the records show that on 6-6-2005, appellant was produced before the Magistrate along with a report on his mental condition which does not disclose that he was mentally fit to stand for trial and therefore, the learned Magistrate called for a further report on the mental fitness of the appellant to stand for trial and though the case was committed on 22-8-2005, no certificate or report was received from any doctor stating that appellant was fit for trial. It was also pointed out that the learned Magistrate did not conduct any enquiry and did not record that he is satisfied that appellant was fit to stand for trial and therefore, the order of committal is vitiated and if the committal order is vitiated, the learned Sessions Judge has no jurisdiction to try the appellant and therefore, the entire trial is vitiated. The learned counsel relied on a Division Bench decision of this Court in State v. Baby 1981 K.H.C. 13.
4. The learned Public Prosecutor submitted that after the order of committal, appellant was produced before the learned Sessions Judge and it was not brought to the notice of the Sessions Judge that appellant was suffering from any mental illness and that he is not fit to stand for trial. When the charge for the offence u/s 302 IPC was framed, read over and explained, appellant pleaded not guilty and at that time, he had given cogent answers and even during the trial, he did not show any symptom of mental illness and after closing prosecution evidence, appellant was questioned u/s 313 of the Code and even at that stage, nothing was brought out to suspect the mental fitness of the appellant to stand for trial and the case of mental illness was brought to the notice of the learned Sessions Judge only after the examination of D.W. 1, by filing a petition and the learned Sessions Judge directed the examination of the appellant by a medical board and the medical board so constituted examined the appellant after admitting him as an inpatient and evaluated his mental condition and found that he was mentally fit to stand for trial. In such circumstances, the trial is not vitiated.
5. We have gone through the entire records including the records of the committal court available among the records. The records reveal that appellant was arrested on 19-10-2003. The incident was on 17-10-2003. Appellant has been in custody since 19-10-2003, till he was released on bail by the learned Sessions Judge on 19-11-2005, after the order of committal and the learned Sessions Judge had taken the case on file. The committal order was passed by the learned Magistrate on 22-8-2005. The committal order does not reveal any mental illness of the appellant or the fact that the appellant was once found to be not fit to stand for trial. It also does not show that before the order of committal, any enquiry was conducted u/s 328 of the Code and the learned Magistrate was satisfied that the appellant was fit to stand for trial. Instead, the order of committal is like in any other order of committal. At the same time, the diary extract of C.P. No. 11 of 2005, the committal proceedings, reveal the following details. On 2-4-2005, cognizance of the offence, u/s 302 IPC based on the final report, was taken and the case was numbered as C.P. 11 of 2005. The accused was directed to be produced on 11-4-2005. Appellant was produced on 11-4-2005. Copies of the records were furnished and he was remanded till 25-4-2005. Appellant was not produced on 25-4-2005 and no report was filed. The learned Magistrate directed his production on 9-5-2005. On 9-5-2005, appellant was produced and he was remanded till 23-5-2005. On 23-5-2005, appellant was not produced and instead, a report was filed and the learned Magistrate directed to produce him on 6-6-2005. On 6-6-2005, appellant was produced along with a certificate issued by Dr. K.P.V. Narayanan, Civil Surgeon in Psychiatry, District Hospital, Kannur dated 26-5-2005. The report shows that as per the history obtained from the appellant and perusing the records, appellant was found to be having smear suspicion and hearing of voices in the ear for the last few years and he was being treated at the District Hospital, Kannur from 3-7-2004 onwards and at that time, he was having psychiatric features indicative of a psychiatric illness and he was having medication. The certificate also shows "presently the individual is continuing treatment and there are currently no psychiatric features and his illness is presently under control. Any how, he requires continued psychiatric treatment". Perusing the said certificate, the learned Magistrate found that there is nothing in the certificate regarding the mental fitness of the appellant to face trial. The learned Magistrate, therefore, directed to issue a memo to the doctor to produce a report containing his opinion, regarding the mental fitness of the appellant to face trial. Remand was extended till 20-6-2005, and thereafter to 4-7-2005. But, no report was submitted as directed by order dated 6-6-2005. On 4-7-2005, report was again called for regarding the fitness of the appellant to stand for trial and the case was posted to 18-7-2005. On 18-7-2005 also, no report was filed though appellant was produced. The learned Magistrate therefore directed to send a reminder for the report called for on 6-6-2005. The case was posted to 1-8-2005. On 1-8-2005, though appellant was produced, no certificate was received. Therefore, the learned Magistrate again called for the report and the case was adjourned to 8-8-2005. On 8-8-2005, the appellant was again produced, but no certificate was received. Again, a reminder was directed to be issued and the case was posted to 22-8-2005. It was on 22-8-2005, the case was committed to the Sessions Court. Unfortunately, the learned Magistrate did not conduct an enquiry u/s 328 of the Code and did not even obtain the certificate called for on 6-6-2005 or found that appellant was fit to stand for trial. When the appellant was produced, learned Magistrate without conducting an enquiry u/s 328 of the Code and recording satisfaction that appellant is fit to stand for trial, committed the case to Sessions Court. It is in such circumstances the validity of the committal order is to be ascertained.
6. Section 328 of the Code provides the procedure to be followed in case of the accused being lunatic. Under sub-section (1), when a Magistrate holding an enquiry has reason to believe that the person against whom the enquiry is to be held, is of unsound mind consequently incapable of making his defence, the Magistrate shall enquire into the fact of such unsoundness of mind, and shall cause such person to be examined by the Civil Surgeon of the District or such other Medical Officer as the State Government may direct, and thereupon shall examine such Surgeon or other Officer as a witness and shall reduce the examination to writing. Sub-section (2) provides that pending such examination and enquiry, the Magistrate may deal with that person in accordance with the provisions of Section 330 of Cr.P.C. Sub-section (3) provides that if the Magistrate is of the opinion that person referred to in sub-section (1) is a person of unsound mind and consequently, incapable of making his defence, he shall record a finding to that effect and shall postpone further proceedings in the case. Section 329 provides the procedure in case of person of unsound mind tried before court. Under sub-section (1), if at the trial of any person before a Magistrate or Court of Session, it appears to the Magistrate or Court that such person is of unsound mind and consequently, incapable of making his defence, the Magistrate or Court shall, in the first instance, try the fact of such unsoundness and incapacity, and if the Magistrate or Court, after considering such medical and other evidence as may be produced before him or it, is satisfied of the fact, he or it shall record a finding to that effect and shall postpone further proceedings in the case. Section 331 provides the procedure for resumption of enquiry. If the accused is found not fit for trial u/s 328 or 329, under sub-section (1) whenever an enquiry or a trial is postponed u/s 328 or Section 329, the Magistrate or Court as the case may be, at any time after the person concerned has ceased to be of unsound mind, resume the enquiry or trial, and require the accused to appear or be brought before such Magistrate or Court. Under sub-section (2) when the accused has been released u/s 330, and the sureties for his appearance produce him to the officer whom the Magistrate or Court appoints in this behalf, the certificate of such officer that the accused is capable of making his defence shall be receivable in evidence. Therefore, when in the committal proceedings, the learned Magistrate, finds materials or circumstances to doubt the capacity of the accused to stand for trial, he is bound to proceed as provided u/s 328. If the Magistrate has reason to believe that the accused produced before him is of unsound mind and consequently, in capable of making his defence, the Magistrate shall cause that accused to be examined by the Civil Surgeon or such Medical Officer as the State Government directs. The Magistrate shall inquire into the fact of such unsoundness of mind and shall examine the said Surgeon or Medial Officer. If on such inquiry, the Magistrate is satisfied that the accused is of unsound mind and therefore incapable of making his defence, he shall record a finding to that effect. He shall then postpone the further proceedings in the case. The Magistrate can proceed with the case, only if, on conducting the inquiry he is satisfied that the accused is not of unsound mind and consequently not incapable of making his defence. If he records a finding under sub-section (3), that the accused is incapable of making his defence consequent to the unsoundness of mind and postpones the further proceedings in the case, he shall then proceed as provided u/s 331 of the Code.
7. The records reveal that at least on 6-6-2005, the learned Magistrate was made aware that the appellant is being treated for mental illness. Therefore, the Magistrate has decided to get a report from the Surgeon whether the accused is fit to stand for trial before the case is committed to the Sessions Court. It could only be under such circumstances, though a certificate was received from the Psychiatrist, who was treating the appellant at the District Hospital, Kannur that the illness of the accused is then under control and the treatment is being continued, the learned Magistrate sought a report from the doctor on the mental fitness of the accused to stand for trial. Still, in spite of several adjournments, no certificate was forwarded by the concerned doctor. Still the case was committed. The learned Magistrate did not conduct an inquiry as provided u/s 328 of the Code. The calling for a report from the doctor by itself is not an inquiry as contemplated u/s 328. The procedure adopted was to call for a certificate from the doctor on the mental condition of the accused to ascertain whether he was fit to stand for trial so as to commit the case to the Sessions Court. But the learned Magistrate did not receive a certificate from the doctor that appellant is fit to stand for trial, before the case was committed on 22-8-2005. The proceedings of the learned Magistrate also establish that the learned Magistrate did not record his satisfaction that the appellant was fit to stand for trial. On the materials, it can only be found that, when the appellant was committed to the Sessions Court by Order dated 22-8-2005, the learned Magistrate did not conduct an inquiry and did not get satisfied that appellant was mentally fit to stand for trial, in spite of the fact that the Magistrate had earlier found that appellant was having mental illness and decided to get a report to ascertain whether he was fit to stand for trial. If that be so, the order of committal is definitely vitiated. Learned Magistrate could have committed the case to the Sessions Court, when it was brought to his notice that appellant was being treated for mental illness, only after conducting an inquiry u/s 328 of the Code and finding that appellant is fit to stand for trial. As the case was committed in violation of the specific provisions u/s 328 of the Code, it can only be found that the order of committal is void. The fact that the learned counsel appearing for the appellant or the appellant himself did not bring to the notice of the learned Sessions Judge that appellant is suffering from mental illness and consequently not fit to stand for trial, cannot validate the order of committal which is vitiated, by a certificate obtained from the Medical Board constituted, as directed by the learned Sessions Judge, after completion of the examination of the prosecution witnesses. If that be so, the entire trial by the learned Sessions Judge is vitiated, as a valid committal order is sine qua non for taking cognizance and the trial of the appellant by the learned Sessions Judge.
8. A Division Bench of this Court in State v. Baby 1981 KHC 13 had occasion to consider the validity of an order of committal by a Magistrate when the Magistrate did not comply with the provisions u/s 328 of the Code. In that case, based on a petition filed by the accused, the Magistrate sent the accused for observation and treatment to Mental Hospital till 22-8-1980. On 21-8-1980, a Provisional Certificate was issued by the Psychiatrist attached to the Mental Hospital, that the accused was an inpatient of the hospital and he was suffering from psychosis (schizophrenia), a mental illness. Learned Magistrate did not peruse the certificate, before the case was committed to the Sessions Court on the Investigating Officer submitting the final report. In the committal order, learned Magistrate has made a remark that the accused appear to be sane. The Sessions Judge on perusing the records found that there was non-compliance with the provisions of Section 328 and therefore, addressed this Court to set aside the order of committal as the learned Sessions Judge has no power to quash the order of committal. This Court, following the decision of the Supreme Court in
If that be so, it was incumbent on the Magistrate to have inquired into the fact of unsoundness of mind and for that purpose he should have waited for the result of the observation by the Medical Officer, should have examined the Medical Officer and reduced the examination in writing as contemplated in S. 328(1). If, after such inquiry the Magistrate is of opinion that the accused is of unsound mind and consequently incapable of making his defence he should have entered a finding to that effect and should have postponed further proceedings in the case. In other words, having sent the accused for observation in the Mental Hospital, the court should have waited for the final report of the Superintendent especially in view of the interim report received suggesting insanity and requesting for further time for observation and final report. In the light of the specific provision contained in S.328(1). the Magistrate was not justified in forming an opinion based on his personal observation. The committal order passed by the learned Magistrate is therefore unsustainable in law and has to be quashed.
9. In
It is clear from the mandatory language of the section that the first thing that the Magistrate has to do is to decide, when an accused person is brought before him who is suspected or alleged to be a person of unsound mind before he proceeds with the inquiry, whether such person appears to him to be of unsound mind. The words ''reason to believe'' indicate that when an accused person is presented before a Magistrate for enquiry, who it is alleged, is suffering from unsoundness of mind, the Magistrate has, on such materials, as are brought before him to inquire before he proceeds with the inquiry whether there are reasons to believe that the accused before him is suffering from any such infirmity. The next step is that if he has such reasons to believe, be is to institute an inquiry into the fact of unsoundness of mind and cause him to be examined by the Civil Surgeon or such other Medical Officer as the State Government directs. Therefore when a question is raised as to the unsoundness of mind of an accused person, the Magistrate is bound to inquire before he proceeds with the inquiry before him whether the accused is or is not incapacitated by the unsoundness of mind from making his defence. Such a proviso clearly is in consonance with the principles of fair administration of justice.
10. A learned Single Judge of this Court considered the legality of an order of committal in Madhavan Nair v. State of Kerala 1978 KLT 156 and held:
Valuable rights have been conferred on the accused under Ss. 207 and 208 of the Code and as stated earlier, he is entitled to free copies of statements and documents referred to therein and the Magistrate is bound, without delay to furnish such statements and documents to the accused. If the person accused of an offence is a lunatic incapable of defending himself and understanding what is happening in the court, how it is possible for the Magistrate to comply with the requirements of the salient provisions in Ss. 207 and 208. Before action under S. 209 is taken against an accused, he is entitled to get copies of statements and documents which give him notice of the case which he has to meet. While passing an order under S. 209, the accused must know that he was being committed to the Court of Session. But all these requirements can be complied with only in the case of a person of sound mind and not of unsound mind. An enquiry or trial of an accused person who is of unsound mind and consequently incapable of making his defence in the opinion of the Magistrate or the court, as the case may be, can be commenced or resumed or proceeded with only when the person concerned has ceased to be of unsound mind. While committing an accused under S. 209, the Magistrate has been given power to remand the accused to custody during and until the conclusion of the trial. This clearly indicates that what is contemplated under S. 209 is the committal of an accused who is of sound mind and capable of defending himself. The committal of a lunatic, in the circumstances, is clearly illegal. The learned Magistrate having found that the accused was a lunatic should have proceeded under S.328(3) of the Code and the other relevant provisions and if he was of the opinion that the accused was of unsound mind and consequently incapable of making his defence, he should have postponed further proceedings in the case after recording a finding to that effect. In any view, the order of committal is illegal.
As stated earlier, the committal proceedings establish that though the learned Magistrate on 6-6-2005, called for a report from the doctor on the mental fitness of the appellant to stand for trial on the ground of unsoundness of mind, no enquiry as provided u/s 328(1) of the Code was conducted. Even though a certificate was called for by the learned Magistrate on 6-6-2005, no report was received when the case was committed on 22-8-2005. The learned Magistrate did not record his satisfaction that appellant is fit to stand for trial, which he is bound to record after conducting the inquiry u/s 328. The order of committal is therefore bad. Consequently, the Sessions trial is also void.
The appeal is allowed. The Order of Committal of the appellant by Judicial First Class Magistrate I, Thamarassery in C.P. No. 11 of 2005 and the subsequent trial by the learned I Additional Sessions Judge, Kozhikode in S.C. No. 603 of 2005 are vitiated and therefore, void. As the entire trial is vitiated, judgment of the learned Sessions Judge is set aside. C.P. No. 11 of 2005 is remitted to Judicial First Class Magistrate Court I, Thamarassery. The learned Magistrate is directed to conduct an enquiry u/s 328(1) of the Code and has to satisfy that the appellant is fit to stand for trial before committing the case. Learned Magistrate can commit the case to the Sessions Court, only after recording that appellant is fit to stand for trial. The Superintendent, Central Prison, Kannur is directed to produce the appellant, accused in S.C. No. 603 of 2005 before the Judicial First Class Magistrate I, Thamarassery on 26-12-2012. The learned Magistrate has to conduct an enquiry u/s 328(1) and if it is found that because of unsound mind, the accused is incapable of making his defence, the further proceedings shall be postponed after recording a finding to that effect. Magistrate shall then decide whether the accused is to be released u/s 330. In that event, the proceedings can be resumed only as provided u/s 331. If it is found that appellant is of sound mind or that he is capable of making his defence in the case, the Magistrate shall commit the case to the Sessions Court. In that event, the Magistrate may decide whether the accused is to be released on bail or not.
