S. Nagamuthu, J.@mdashThe defendants 2 to 5 in O.S. No. 2394 of 2004 on the file of the learned III Additional District Munsif, Coimbatore
are the appellants herein. The first respondent is the sole plaintiff in the suit. One Mr. Arumugam was the first defendant in the suit. On his demise,
the second respondent herein has been impleaded as his legal representative. It was a suit for partition and for separate possession of half share in
the suit property and also for permanent injunction to restrain the defendants from in any manner altering the physical features of the suit property
namely the suit building. By decree and judgement dated 16.08.2007, the trial Court dismissed the suit in its entirety. As against the same, the first
respondent/plaintiff filed an appeal in A.S. No. 111 of 2007 on the file of the learned First Additional Subordinate Judge, Coimbatore. By decree
and judgement dated 04.07.2008, the First Appellate Court allowed the appeal thereby setting aside the decree and judgement of the trial Court
and granted decree for partition allotting half share to the plaintiff but, there was no decree granted for injunction in favour of the plaintiff/first
respondent. As against the same, the defendants 2 to 5 are before this Court with this second appeal.
2. I have heard the learned counsel for the appellants; learned counsel for the first respondent; learned counsel for the second respondent and I
have also perused the records carefully.
3. The case of the plaintiff is as follows:--
The suit property was earlier a ''natham land''. It was in the occupation of the ancestors of the plaintiff. On 01.03.1928, the Revenue Department
granted patta for the suit property on behalf of the entire family but, in the name of Mrs. Rangammal. The husband of Mrs. Rangammal was one
Mr. Marappa Gounder. They had a son by name Mr. Chinnaya Gounder and a daughter by name Ms. Chinnakkal @ Chinnammal. Since, Mr.
Chinnaya Gounder was the only son of Mr. Marappa Gounder and Mrs. Rangammal, he inherited the entire property and became the absolute
owner of the property. Mr. Chinnaya Gounder had his only son Mr. Arumugam, the first defendant in the suit (died subsequently). Mr. Chinnaya
Gounder died on 20.12.1981. Therefore, being the only son of Mr. Chinnaya Gounder, Mr. Arumugam, inherited the suit property which is the
ancestral property. Mr. Arumugam (first defendant) and the plaintiff have got half share each in the suit property. It is the further case of the plaintiff
that the daughter of Mr. Marappa Gounder and Mrs. Rangammal namely, Ms. Chinnakkal @ Chinnammal was married to one Mr. Chinnaya
Gounder (different Chinnaya Gounder). They had four daughters by name, (1) Ms. Maruthathal; (2) Ms. Palaniammal; (3) Ms. Sarasammal and
Ms. Rangammal who are the defendants 2 to 5 respectively in the suit.
4. According to the plaintiff, neither Ms. Chinnakkal @ Chinnammal nor her children have got any right whatsoever over the suit property.
Therefore, according to the plaintiff, he is entitled for half share in the suit property and the other half share should go to the first defendant namely
Mr. Arumugam. Before the trial Court, the first defendant remained ex parte. The defendants 2 to 5 have filed a written statement stating that Mr.
Chinnaya Gounder was not at all the son of Mr. Marappa Gounder and Mrs. Rangammal and therefore, question of inheriting the suit property by
Mr. Chinnaya Gounder after the demise of his parents namely Mr. Marappa Gounder and Mrs. Rangammal did not arise at all. Thus, neither Mr.
Arumugam, the first defendant in the suit nor the plaintiff have got no right over the suit property.
5. It is further stated that the suit property was owned by one Mrs. Rangammal. Being his only daughter Ms. Chinnakkal @ Chinnammal inherited
the same after her. The patta for the property was originally in the name of Mr. Chinnaya Gounder namely, the husband of Ms. Chinnakkal @
Chinnammal which was later on transferred in the name of Ms. Chinnakkal @ Chinnammal. Ms. Chinnakkal @ Chinnammal had executed a Will
in respect of the suit property under Ex. B.13 dated 25.05.1983, in favour of her daughters. The Will has taken force on the demise of Ms.
Chinnakkal @ Chinnammal on 15.07.1990. Thus, according to the defendants 2 to 5, they are the absolute owners of the suit property, over
which, neither the plaintiff nor the first defendant have got any right over the suit property for partition. Thus, according to the defendants 2 to 5,
the suit is liable to be dismissed..
6. Based on the above pleadings, the trial Court framed appropriate issues. On the side of the plaintiff, he was examined as P.W.1 and as many as
14 documents were exhibited. On the side of the defendants, four witnesses were examined and as many as 29 documents were exhibited.
7. Having considered all the above, the trial Court dismissed the suit but, the First Appellate Court reversed it and allowed the suit. That is how the
appellants/defendants 2 to 5 are before this Court with this second appeal.
8. In this second appeal, it is contended that, absolutely, there is no proof that Mr. Chinnaya Gounder was the son of Mr. Marappa Gounder and
Mrs. Rangammal. The learned counsel for the appellants would submit that the trial Court has relied on the oral evidence of P.W.1 and Exs. A.2,
A.13 and A.14 to come to the conclusion that Mr. Chinnaya Gounder was the son of Mr. Marappa Gounder and Mrs. Rangammal. This,
according to the learned counsel for the appellants, is erroneous. He would further submit that assuming that Mr. Chinnaya Gounder was the son of
Mr. Marappa Gounder and Mrs. Rangammal, even then, the plaintiff has got no case. According to him, the suit property was the sridhana
property of Mrs. Rangammal, which, she had acquired by grant of patta by the Government in the year 1928. On the demise of Mrs. Rangammal,
as per the Mitakshara Hindu Law, the property devolve on her daughter Ms. Chinnakkal @ Chinnammal absolutely. As per the said law, the so-
called son of Mr. Marappa Gounder and Mrs. Rangammal namely, Mr. Chinnaya Gounder had no right of inheritance. It is further contended by
the learned counsel for the appellants that Ms. Chinnakkal @ Chinnammal had executed a Will under Ex. B.13. According to the same, the
defendants who are the children of Ms. Chinnakkal @ Chinnammal are enjoying the suit property which has also been proved by means of both
oral as well as vast number of documentary evidences.
9. From the records available, this Court has found that the following substantial questions of law have arisen for consideration:--
(i) Whether the First Appellate Court was right in holding that Mr. Chinnaya Gounder was the son of Mr. Marappa Gounder and Mrs.
Rangammal by treating Exs. A.2, 13 and 14 as conclusive proof of the said fact?
(ii) Whether the First Appellate Court was right in decreeing the suit de-hors the fact that the suit property was the sridhana property of Mrs.
Rangammal which would have devolve on her only daughter Ms. Chinnakkal @ Chinnammal as per the Mitakshara Hindu Law? and
(iii) Whether the suit property is the sridhana property of Mrs. Rangammal or the same is the ancestral property of Mr. Marappa Gounder and so,
his son Mr. Chinnaya Gounder (subject to proof) would have inherited the same ?
10. The learned counsel for the first respondent/plaintiff would submit that the above three documents namely Exs. A.2, 13 and 14 would
conclusively go to prove that Mr. Chinnaya Gounder was the son of Mr. Marappa Gounder and Mrs. Rangammal. He would further submit that in
Ex. A.14, the name of the father of Mr. Chinnaya Gounder has been mentioned as Mr. Marappa Gounder, which would only go to prove that Mr.
Chinnaya Gounder was the son of Mr. Marappa Gounder. So far as the other pleas are concerned, it is the contention of the learned counsel for
the first respondent that the suit property cannot be treated as the Sridhana property of Mrs. Rangammal. According to him, it is in evidence of
D.W.1 that patta was originally issued in the name of Mr. Marappa Gounder. From this admission, according to the learned counsel, it can be
culled out that the suit property was owned only by Mr. Marappa Gounder and not by Mrs. Rangammal. If it is so held, according to the learned
counsel, as per the law which was in prevalence, before coming into force of the Hindu Succession Act, the suit property would have been
devolved only to Mr. Chinnaya Gounder and thus, the plaintiff is entitled half share whereas, the first defendant is entitled for the other half share.
11. As I have already pointed out, the first defendant remained ex parte throughout. On his demise, the second respondent herein has been
brought on record as his legal representative.
12. The learned counsel for the second respondent while reiterating the submissions made by the learned counsel for the first respondent would
submit that the admission made by D.W.1 would go to conclusively prove that the suit property was owned by Mr. Marappa Gounder and not by
Mrs. Rangammal. The learned counsel would further submit that the patta issued in the name of Mrs. Rangammal would only indicate the
occupancy right of her and not any right. Therefore, based on the patta, according to the learned counsel, it cannot be concluded that Mrs.
Rangammal had title. In other words, according to the learned counsel, Mr. Marappa Gounder was alone the owner of the suit property and
therefore, the suit property would have devolved on his son Mr. Chinnaya Gounder.
13. So far as the relationship between Mr. Marappa Gounder and Mr. Chinnaya Gounder is concerned, the learned counsel for the second
respondent would submit that it has been proved by means of Exs. A.2, 13 and 14 and the evidence of P.W.1. Thus, the learned counsel would
further submit that had it been true that Ms. Chinnakkal @ Chinnammal had inherited the property from Mrs. Rangammal, there was no occasion
for the Revenue Authorities to transfer patta in the name of Mr. Chinnaya Gounder. The learned counsel would further submit that though it is
stated that Mr. Chinnaya Gounder in whose name patta was transferred is stated to be the husband of Ms. Chinnakkal @ Chinnammal, as a
matter of fact, patta was transferred only in the name of the son of Mr. Marappa Gounder namely Mr. Chinnaya Gounder. The learned counsel
would further submit that at any rate, neither in the written statement, nor in the appeal memorandum before the First Appellate Court, it was raised
that as per the Mitakshara Hindu Law, the property devolved on Ms. Chinnakkal @ Chinnammal. Thus, according to the learned counsel,
altogether, a new plea cannot be going to raise for the first time in this second appeal.
14. The learned counsel for the first respondent as well as the learned counsel for the second respondent would rely on few judgements of this
Court about which, I would make reference at the appropriate stage of this judgement.
15. I have considered the above submissions.
16. For the sake of convenience, let me go into the questions of law, with the assumption that Mr. Chinnaya Gounder was the son of Mr. Marappa
Gounder and Mrs. Rangammal. It is true that there was no plea taken in the written statement that as per the Mitakshara Hindu Law, the property
would have devolved only on Ms. Chinnakkal @ Chinnammal and not on Mr. Chinnaya Gounder. In my considered opinion, this argument of the
learned counsel for the first respondent and the learned counsel for the second respondent does not persuade me at all for the simple reason that
this is pure and simple a question of law. The learned counsel for the first respondent has relied on a judgement of this Court in Poongavanam
Ammal v. Karuppayi Ammal (A.S. No. 943 of 1993) decided on 30.10.2007. In that case, in paragraph No. 34 of the judgement, a learned
Single Judge of this Court has held as follows:--
34. It is settled law that if the facts proved and found as established are sufficient to raise a new plea under Order 41 Rule 2 of the Code of Civil
Procedure it is not only competent to but expedient in the interest of justice to entertain that plea. But when the question is not a pure question of
law but a question of fact, the Court should not allow such question to be raised for the first time.
17. In my considered opinion, the above observation made by the learned Single Judge of this Court rather helps only the case of the appellants
herein than the case of the first respondent/plaintiff. What all that the learned Judge has concluded is that, if, the new question raised at the time of
second appeal is either a question of fact or a mixed question of law and facts that cannot be allowed to be raised for the first time whereas, if, the
question raised is a pure question of law, it can be allowed to be raised at any stage. This is too well settled.
18. Accordingly, in the case on hand, the question raised for the first time as to whether the property devolved as per Mitakshara Hindu Law on
the daughter of Mrs. Rangammal or on the son of Mrs. Rangammal is a pure question of law and it does not involve any question of fact at all.
Therefore, I am allowed to raise this question for the first time in this second appeal in which, there is no illegality. Apart from that, the respondents
were invited to argue on this question of law. In this regard, the learned counsel for the first respondent and the learned counsel for the second
respondent also advanced their arguments at length. Therefore, in my considered opinion, the appellants were right in raising the said question of
law for the first time.
19. The learned counsel for the first respondent would submit that in the event it is proved that the suit property was the Sridhana property of Mrs.
Rangammal, then only, the question of the said property devolving on her daughter would arise. But, in this case, according to the learned counsel,
it has been established that the suit property belonged only to Mr. Mariappa Gounder.
20. In my considered opinion, absolutely, I find no substance in the said argument. It is in evidence that Mr. Marappa Gounder died somewhere in
the year 1925, whereas, the admitted case of the parties is that, patta was issued in the name of Mrs. Rangammal only in the year 1928. The
contention of the learned counsel for the second respondent is that the patta granted is only in respect of occupancy right and not in respect of title.
This argument again does not persuade me at all. It is too well settled by a catena of judgements that a land classified as natham land (house site) is
only a property of private party and the same does not belong to the Government. Even in the absence of issuance of patta, the title for the
property lies with the person in occupation for a long time. Patta under the natham settlement scheme is only an act of reiteration of title of the
individual. Applying the settled principle of law, if we look into the patta, there can be no difficulty for this Court to come to the conclusion that
Mrs. Rangammal had absolute title for the suit property as she was in occupation of the property.
21. The next question is whether the suit property should be treated as a Sridhana property of Mrs. Rangammal. There is a popular misconception
that only the properties which are inherited from the ancestors by a Hindu woman or the properties which were given at the time of her marriage
alone are her sridhana properties. But, this mis-conception has been cleared by this Court in a number of judgements, including a Full Bench
judgement of this Court. After referring to all the judgements, I had an occasion to hold in K. Natarajan Vs. Mrs. Gopalasundari and Others,
(2011) 5 LW 341 case that a property acquired by a woman by any source, even by purchase out of her own earnings, should be treated only as
her sridhana property for the purpose of inheritance in terms of Mitakshara Hindu Law.
22. As per the original text of Mitakshara Hindu Law, a Hindu Female may acquire property from diverse sources. Several descriptions of
property that may be lawfully acquired by a Hindu female are:--
(1) gifts and bequests from relations
(2) gifts and bequests from strangers
(3) property obtained on partition
(4) property given in lieu of maintenance
(5) property acquired by inheritance
(6) property acquired by mechanical arts
(7) property obtained by compromise
(8) property acquired by adverse possession
(9) property purchased with stridhana or with savings of income of stridhana and
(10) property acquired from sources other than those mentioned above. Bequests stand on the same footing as gifts.
23. Applying the said law to the facts of the case, if we look into the facts of the present case, there can be no second opinion that patta granted in
favour of Mrs. Rangammal would only ensure the ownership on Mrs. Rangammal over the suit property and the said suit property should be
treated only as her sridhana property of her. As per the above judgement and the judgements referred to in K. Natarajan v. Mrs. Gopalasundari
and others (cited supra), if once, it is so concluded that the suit property was owned by Mrs. Rangammal as her sridhana property, then, as per
Mitakshara Hindu law, the property would devolve only on her children. In this regard, I wish to again refer to the Mitakshara Hindu law by Mulla,
where it is stated that sridhana other than shulka passes in the following order:--
(i) unmarried daughter; she takes before a married daughter. The rule applies to Jains in the absence of a special custom;
(ii) married daughter who is unprovided for;
(iii) married daughter who is unprovided for;
(iv) daughter''s daughter;
(v) daughter''s son;
(vi) son;
(vii) son''s son.
24. If the above order of inheritance is applied to the facts of the present case, Ms. Chinnakkal @ Chinnammal would have inherited the suit
property from Mrs. Rangammal and thus, Ms. Chinnakkal @ Chinnammal, the daughter of Mrs. Rangammal was the absolute owner of the suit
property as she had inherited the said property. By virtue of Section 14 of the Hindu Succession Act, she would have become the absolute owner
of the same. Therefore, the Will executed by her under Ex. B.3 is valid by which, the defendants 2 to 5 have got absolute title and it has also been
established that they are in possession of the property.
25. In view of all the above, I have no hesitation to hold that neither the plaintiff nor the first defendant has got any right whatsoever over the suit
property.
26. Now, turning to the next question of law, namely, whether Mr. Chinnaya Gounder is the son of Mr. Marappa Gounder and Mrs. Rangammal,
I do not want to go into this question. The learned counsel for the appellants himself would submit that this question need not be gone into as the
appellants have got a strong case under the other substantial questions of law. Therefore, this question is left open and as such, I am not reversing
the finding of the First Appellate Court that Mr. Chinnaya Gounder is the son of Mr. Marappa Gounder.
27. Now, turning to the factual aspects, though, it is true that patta was transferred in the name of Mr. Chinnaya Gounder, though, doubt has been
raised whether Mr. Chinnaya Gounder in whose name patta was transferred refers to the son of Mr. Marapa Gounder or the husband of Ms.
Chinnakkal @ Chinnammal, that is immaterial, because, applying the Mitakshara Hindu law, I have already concluded that the property had been
inherited only by Ms. Chinnakkal @ Chinnammal.
28. In view of all the above, I am inclined to leave the first substantial question of law un-answered and I answer all the other substantial questions
of law in favour of the appellants. Hence, the second appeal is bound to succeed and the decree and judgement of the First Appellate Court is
liable to be set aside.
29. In the result, the second appeal is allowed and the decree and judgement of the First Appellate Court in A.S. No. 111 of 2007 dated
04.07.2008, is hereby set aside and the decree and judgement of the trial Court in O.S. No. 2394 of 2004 dated 16.08.2007 is restored. There
shall be no order as to cost. Consequently, connected miscellaneous petition is closed.
