@JUDGMENTTAG-ORDER
Anshuman Singh, J.@mdashThis petition is a public interest litigation. Petitioner Smt. Sushila Gothala, resident of C-3, Lal Kothi, Jaipur has
approached this Court under Article 226 of the Constitution of India for issuance of direction to the respondents to stop immediately the menace of
child marriage in Rajasthan in effective manner; writ, order or direction to the respondents to enforce the provisions of the Child Marriages
Prohibition Act 1929 (hereinafter to be referred to as ""the Act) as amended by Act No. 2 of 1978, and further for a direction to punish the officer
who is responsible for not prohibiting the child marriages.
2. The facts as unfolded in the writ petition are hair raising and shocking, inasmuch as it has been alleged that on the occasion of ""AKHA TEEJ
every year, child marriages, are performed in contravention of the Act. It has been also averred in the Petition that even after enforcement of the
said Act, the State of Rajasthan has practically failed in preventing the solemnisation of child marriages in contravention of the said Act. It has been
stated that child marriages ares mainly prevalent in the communities like Lohar, Kumhar, Rawat, Bairwa, Regar, Balai, Khateek, Jat, Gujar Bishnoi
etc. Even some lower caste Muslims recently converted to Islam also observe this age-old custom of child marriage. The festival of ""AKHA TEEJ
is considered as an auspicious day for performing child marriages. It is alleged that even babies in arms are married by their parents on this
occasion. On the basis of Census reports of 1971 and 1981 it has been alleged that largest number of child marraiges have been performed in the
State of Rajas-than. In para 7 of the Writ Petition, it has been stated that the petitioner has written so many letters to the respondents regarding
stoppage of child marriages in the State of Rajasthan, but no proper and satisfactory reply has been given to the petitioner regarding steps being
taken to prevent this custom. The petitioner is also alleged to have served some notices on the respondents Nos. 2 and 3 by hand on 9-5-1994.
The festival of ""AKHA TEEJ"" is observed every year in the State of Rajasthan, which sometime falls in the month of April and sometimes in May.
3. This writ petition came up for admission on 12th May, 1994, whereas, according to the petitioner the child marriages in contravention of the Act
were to be performed on the next day i.e. 13th May, 1994, which was the day of ""AKHA TEEJ"" this year. The petitioner''s counsel stated that the
petition may be heard and necessary orders may be passed directing the respondents to stop the child marriages.
4. It is strange that there is practice in this Court that the Government Advocates cannot accept notices on behalf of the Chief Secretary and
Director General of Police in the Court, unless specifically directed to do so. It was stated by the Government Advocate that notices are sent to
the respondents from the Court and after the Government directs the Government Advocate to put in appearance, they put in their appearance.
Faced with this situation and in view of the, urgency of the matter, oral direction was given to the Government Advocate to direct the Director
Genera! of Police of Rajasthan to be available in Court for furnishing any information, if required, as he was arrayed as respondent No. 3. The time
was so short that the Government Advocate also expressed inability to file any counter affidavit to the writ petition.
5. The child marriage, which were to be solemnized on the day of ""AKHA TEEJ"" i.e. 13th May, 1994 were not being performed for the first time
in Rajasthan but such marriages have been performed every year and as stated by the counsel for the petitioner during the course of arguments that
such marriages are performed in thousands. If the petitioner was really interested in seeking any direction from the court, she should have
approached the Court eaiiier.
6. I have heard Shri H.C. Ganeshia and Shri Vidhyadhar Gothala, learned counsel appearing for the petitioner and Mrs. Gyanwati Dhakar, learned
Government Advocate, who argued the case on the basis of the instructions received from the State Government.
7. Learned counsel for the petitioner contended that though the Act prohibiting the child marriages was enforced by the State Government, but no
action has been taken by the respondents after enforcement of the aforesaid Act to prevent child marriages. This argument advanced on behalf of
the petitioner is wholly fallacious, inasmuch as no act prohibiting the child marriages has been enacted by the State of Rajasthan. On the contrary,
the Central Government passed an Act No. 19 of 1929 known as Child Marriages Restraint Act, 1929, which was made applicable to the whole
of the country except the State of Jammuand Kashmir and by Amending Act No. 2 of 1978, the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1974 (Act No. 2 of
1974) was made applicable to the offences under this Act as the offences committed under the Act of 1929 were cognizable offences. Thus, it is
evidently clear that the Central Government has already enacted a Legislation as back as in the year 1929, but this custom of performing child
marriages, specially in the State of Rajasthan has assumed alarming proportion and this social evil which has become a cancer has not been
eradicated so far. In my opinion, no amount of legislation can stop the solemnisation of child marriages in contravention of the Act, unless it is
discarded by the society at large and this age-old custom is scrapped. The most disturbing feature is that instead of discouraging this custom which
is a social evil, it has received sanction from the society. There can also be no doubt that performing of child marriages has far reaching
consequences. The children who do not even understand the meaning of marriage are married at an early age. Many of the female married during
their child-hood are abun-doned and deserted by their husbands when they become major, on account of illiteracy or other considerations. This
social evil requires more condemnation than the evil of dowery in the Indian society. But it is unfortunate that no social organisation has come
forward so far to educate masses about the demerits of the child marriages. As far the allegation of the petitioner relates to the non-action on the
part of the Government of Rajasthan is concerned, I find that the Government of Rajasthan is very much concerned and the Police machinery is
also very much alive about the situation i.e. conducting child marriages on the day of ""AKHA TEEJ"" every year in contravention of Act, in the
State of Rajasthan. During the course of arguments, learned Government Advocate has invited my attention to an appeal issued by the Chief
Minister of Rajasthan which has been published in a Newspaper (Rajasthan Patrika) dated 13th May, 1994, in which he has made an appeal to
the residents of Rajasthan not to commit offence under the Act and to marry only those girls who have attained the age of 18 years and the male
who have attained the age of 21 years. In order to ascertain the bona fides on the part of the Government of Rajasthan, I think it properto
incorporate the message issued by the Chief Minister on this occasion in extenso, which runs as under :--
lans''k
^^v{k; r`rh;k ds volj ij eSa jktLFkku ds lHkh HkkbZ cfguksa dks gkfnZd c/kkbZ nsrk gwa vkSj muds lqa[ke; thou dh dkeuk djrk gwa A gekjh
lkaL�frd ijEijkvksa ds vuqlkj v{k; r`rh;k dks lokZf/kd ekaxfyd fnol ekuk x;k gS A
eSa bl ''kqHk volj ij vki yksxksa ls ;g dguk pkgwaxk fd jkT; Hkj esa ;g mRlo ijEijkxr g""kZ vkSj mYykl ls euk;sa vkSj ''kknh fookg tSls ekaxfyd
dk;ksZa dks lEiUu Hkh djsa A fdUrq blds lkFk bl ckr dk /;ku j[kuk vR;ko'';d gS fd ,sls fookg fof/k lEer tksMksa vkFkkZr de ls de 18 o""kZ dh
dU;k vkSj 21 o""kZ dh mez ds ;qodksa ds gh gks A vki lcdks fofnr gh gksxk fd ckyfookg ,d dkuwuu vijk/k gS A de mez esa ''kknh gksus ls
yM+ds o yM+fd;ksa ds ''kkjhfjd o ekufld fodkl ij foijhr izHkko iM+rk gS A gekjs Hkkoh ukxfjdksa ds LoLFk o l[ke; Hkfo"";ds fy; ge ;gk ladYi
ys fd yM+ds dh mez 21 o""kZ o yM+dh dh mez 18 o""kZ gksus ds i''pkr gh mudk fookg djsaxs A
bl eaxye; volj ij vki lcdks ''kqHkdkeuk,a nsrs gq, esjk vuqjks/k gS fd vki izns''k esa cky&fookg tSlh lkekftd cqjkbZ dks lekIr djus esa lf�;
Hkkxhnkjh fuHkk;sa A**
8. Apart from the message/appeal issued by the Chief Minister of Rajasthan calling upon the people not to perform the marriages in contravention
of the Act, the law enforcing machinery i.e. the police of Rajasthan also appears to have taken sufficient precautions for prevention of such
marriages. In support of the said fact, the Government Advocate has also produced a copy of Radiogram issued by the Deputy Inspector General
of Police, C.I.D. (Crimes) Rajasthan, Jaipur issued as back as on 2-4-1994 even much before the auspicious day of ""AKHA TEEJ"" for
prevention of child marriages. The said Radiogram issued by the D.I.G. runs as under:
MOST IMMEDIATE RADIOGRAM
TO DISPOLS RAJASTHAN INCLUDING RAILPOL, AJMER
INF: ALL DIGPOLS RANGE, RAJASTHAN FROM : RAJPOL CRIME (PRC) JAIPUR.
NO. CID/CB/PRC(70)94, 667-668 Dated 2-4-1994
ENSURE ALL PRECAUTIONS TO PREVENT CHILD MARRIAGES ON ''AKHA TEEJ'' FALLING ON 13TH MAY 1994 (.) THIS IS A
COGNIZABLE OFFENCE UNDER PREVENTION OF CHILD MARRIAGES ACT 1978 (.) ADVANCE INFORMATION SHOULD BE
FURNISHED AS FAR AS POSSIBLE ABOUT THE CONSEQUENCES OF ILLEGAL MARRIAGES (.) UGLY LAW AND ORDER
SITUATION BE AVOIDED AND IMMEDIATE CONFRONTATIONS BE AVERTED (.) LEGAL ACTION THAT IS TIMELY
LODGING OF FIR, COLLECTION OF EVIDENCE, RECORDING OF STATEMENTS CAN BE TAKEN AND GUILTY CAN BE
CHALLANED IMMEDIATELY OR SOON AFTER DEPEND- ING ON SITUATION OF EACH CASE (.) DEVELOPMENT AND
REVENUE AGENCY SHOULD ALSO BE INVOLVED FOR PUBLICITY AND INTELLIGENCE PURPOSES THROUGH
COMMISSIONERS AND COLLECTORS (.)
Dy. Inspector General of Police C.I.D. (Crimes) Raj., Jaipur.
9. From a perusal of the above Radiogram there can be no manner of doubt that the law enforcing machinery i.e. the Police of Rajasthan has also
not been sleeping over the matter and has tried to prevent this social evil. During the course of arguments, the fact which has emerged is that the
child marriages are being performed every year in contravention of the Act in almost 80% villages of Rajasthan. As have been stated before this
Court that there are about 40,000 villages in the State of Rajasthan and as such even if the entire police personnels of Rajasthan are deployed for
the purpose of preventing child marriages in contravention of Act, they would not be able to do so, inasmuch as it is neither feasible nor practical.
The contents of the radiogram also indicate that some-times the people who gather to perform the child marriages in contravention of the Act are in
rebellion mood and even retailiate if the police tries to intervene. Therefore, the only irresistible conclusion to which I arrive is that this custom is
most shameful ''social evil'' and can be prevented by the society at large and no Government worth-the-name or its machinery can prevent
recurrence of such marriages and such marriages should be condemned by all and sundry.
10. For the reasons and the facts stated above. I am of the definite view that the petitioner has failed to make out any case for issuance of any
direction to the respondents to enforce the provisions of the Act, inasmuch as I am convinced that so far as the Government is concerned, it is very
much concerned about this ''social evil and has not failed on its part in preventing such marriages. In fact this social evil can be eradicated only if the
people of Rajasthan themselves revolt against this age-old custom, which is premitive in nature and cannot bejustified by any civilized society.
However, before parting with this case, 1 would like to mention that the Government should consider the feasibility of constituting
District/Block/Village level committees comprising of sociall workers, officers of the Revenue/Development Department, who should hold regular
seminars at village levels to educate the people about the demerits and consequences of child marriages. The Government should also utilise its
media i.e. T.V., Radio, News-papers, Magazines etc. for condemning this ''social evil'' but this condemnation should not be confined only on the
occasion of ""AKHA TEEJ"" but planned and sustained compaign should be launched throughout the year in whole of Rajasthan for discouraging
the! people from performing such child marriages.''
11. By Section 13 of the Act, the State Governments have been authorised to appoint Child Marriages Prevention Officers for whole State or for
such part of may be specified in that notification and such officer shall be known as Child Marriage Prevention Officer. His duties have also been
specified in the aforesaid Act. The Government Advocate has not been able to furnish correct information as to whether Child Marriage Prevention
Officers have been appointed in the State of Rajasthan or not as provided u/s 13 of the Act. I feel that if no such officers have been appointed, the
State Government should consider the feasibility of appointing such officer. The Central Government as well as the State Government should also
consider the feasibility of making the provisions of the Act more stringent, deterrent and punishment for contravention of the Act should be severe.
12. The Writ petition stands disposed of with the observations made above. A copy of this judgment be sent to the Chief Secretary, Government
of Rajasthan for information.
13. No order as to costs.
