Baharul Islam, J.@mdashThis appeal is by the defendant. The brief facts of the case are:
The plaintiff, namely, Assam Go-Seva Samiti, is an institution registered under the Societies Registration Act and established for doing constructive
works in the line of the ideals of Mahatma Gandhi. Its case was that it got settlement of 99 and odd Bighas of land at village Basistha under Beltola
mouza. The land originally was Fee-Simple Grant belonging to late M.M. Lahiri, who donated the land to the Bhudan Movement. Smt. Amal
Prova Das, according to the plaintiff, was, and still is, the President of the said Samiti. The land was mutated in her name as the President of the
Samiti. The plaintiffs further case is that 6 Bighas out of the said land had been acquired for Government purposes and the rest remained in
possession of the plaintiff Samiti. The Samiti constructed house for accommodation of its office on an area of land measuring 1 1/2 kathas of Dag
No. 62 with C.I. Sheet roofing. There was also a thatched house attached to the above-mentioned C.I. Sheeted house. A temporary latrine was
also constructed for use by the occupants of the aforesaid premises. The defendant Shri Haladhar Sarma was a member of the said Samiti, who
later on was appointed Secretary of the Samiti in 1966 at a salary of Rs, 100/- per month, subsequently raised to Rs. 150/-per month. He was
allowed to stay in one of the rooms for the convenience of doing the official work of the institution. But later on as he failed to discharge his duties
honestly and with integrity, he was removed from the Secretaryship by a resolution in meeting of the society held on 29-11-1968 and Shri
Ramcharan Das and Shri Khargeswar Bhuyan were appointed Joint Secretaries in his place. The defendant was then directed by the Samiti to
hand over charge to the Joint Secretaries within 31-12-1968 and the defendant handed over charge as directed. The defendant was also directed
to vacate the room occupied by him and he complied with the directions. But sometime later he with two or three other persons forcibly entered
into the room after breaking open the lock put to it by the plaintiff. So the plaintiff was compelled to bring this suit for ejectment of the defendant
from the suit premises.
2. The defendant has filed a written statement and contested the suit. He has admitted that the plaintiff is a registered society. He took several pleas
in the written statement, such as that the suit was not maintainable, that it was barred by limitation, that the plaintiff had no locus standi to bring the
suit and that there was no cause of action for the suit. He admitted that 99 and odd Bighas of land had been donated by the original owner to the
Assam Bhudan Samiti. But his case was that the Bhudan Samiti made allotments of that land to different persons including himself and that 30
Bighas of the land was allotted to him and he constructed a dwelling house on that land and he was occupying the same. He says that the suit
premises belonged to him and not to the plaintiff-society.
3. On the basis of the pleadings a number of issues were framed by the trial court and after trial it dismissed the plaintiffs suit. On appeal the
learned Assistant District Judge No. 2, Gauhati reversed the judgment and decree of the trial court and decreed the plaintiff''s suit.
4. The first submission made by Shri B. Sarma, learned Counsel appearing for the appellant, is that the suit has not been properly framed and
valued. The material prayer of the plaintiff is ""that the Samiti be awarded possession of the house described in the schedule to the plaint on eviction
of the defendant and his persons therefrom."" In para 9 of the plaint the plaintiff valued the suit for the purpose of court''s jurisdiction at Rs. 5000/-.
Shri Sarma submits that as declaration of title to the house is not possible without a declaration of plaintiff''s title to the land on which the house has
been built, the frame of the suit and its valuation have been improper as the suit, counsel submits, ought to have been for a declaration of title to the
land on which the house is situated as well as to the house. I am unable to accept the submission of the learned Counsel, for, it is conceivable that
declaration of title to a house is possible without declaration of his title to the land on which the house is situated. In the instant case if the plaintiff is
otherwise able to establish his title to the house in question, he will get a decree, else his suit will fail. In my opinion the frame of the suit is not bad
for want of declaration of plaintiff''s title to the land in question. The submission of the appellant has no substance.
5. The next submission of the learned Counsel for the appellant is that the plaintiff had no locus standi to file this suit. His submission is that Smt.
Amal Prova Das was not the President of the plaintiff-Samiti and as such she had no locus standi to file the suit. The admitted position is that the
plaintiff-society has been registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860. Section 6 of the said Act provides-
6. Suits by and against societies.- Every society registered under this Act may sue or be sued in the name of the president, chairman, or principal
secretary, or trustees, as shall be determined by the rules and regulations of the society, and, in default of such determination, in the name of such
person as shall be appointed by the governing body for the occasion:
Provided that it shall be competent for any person having a claim or demand against the society, to sue the president or chairman, or principal
secretary or the trustees thereof, if on application to the governing body some other officer or person be not nominated to be the defendant.
The plaintiff in the cause title of the suit described itself as ""Assam Go-Seva Samiti (represented by its President Smt. Amal Prova Das)....
In para 6 of the written statement the defendant has stated:
He does not admit that Smt. Amal Prova Das is the President of the Go-Seva Samiti.... She has no locus standi to bring this suit.
The defendant, says that he himself is a member of the Samiti. He is therefore expected to know who the President of the Samiti is. On a question
put to him, learned Counsel for the appellant submits that Shri M.M. Choudhury, was the President but he resigned. The defendant is unable to say
as to who became the President in place of Shri Choudhury, Relevant passages from the evidence of Shri Prabir Ram Barua, one of the P. W''s
were read out to me by learned Counsel of the parties. Shri Barua has deposed that initially his father late Kamakhya Ram Barua was the
President of the Samiti, after him Shri M.M. Choudhury became the President, and on Shri M.M. Choudhury''s resignation Smt. Amal Prova Das
became the President of the society and he himself was appointed the Working President. There is no evidence from the side of the defendant to
the contrary. On the other hand, in the memorandum of appeal the defendant has described the plaintiff-respondent as ""Assam Go-Seva Samiti
through its President Smt. Amal Prova Das. This in my opinion, is an admission by the defendant-appellant that Smt. Amal Prova Das was the
President of the Samiti at the relevant time. Mr. Sarma submits that it does not amount to an admission. Smt. Das was described as the President
of the Samiti as she was so described in the plaint I am unable to accept the contention as there is no allegation to that effect by the appellant in the
memo of appeal or anywhere. Smt. Amal Prova being the President of the society, therefore, had the power u/s 6 of the Societies Registration Act
to bring the suit. This submission of the learned Counsel also has no substance.
6. The next submission of Shri Sarma is that the plaintiff sought to raise certain points to wit, (i) about the locus standi of the plaintiff to bring the
suit, (ii) that the plaint disclosed no cause of action and (iii) that the suit was barred by limitation. The learned lower appellate court held that the
appellant who was respondent before him sought to raise these points but he did not allow him to do so as there was no cross objection. The
learned lower appellate court committed an error in this regard. A cross objection could be filed by a party against a part of the decree but not
against a finding. I therefore allowed Shri Sarma to argue those points and make his submissions before me.
7. With regard to the locus standi I have already given my finding above. But Shri Sarma also could not seriously contend that the plaint disclosed
no cause of action. He also did not seriously submit either that the. suit was barred by limitation. In the circumstances therefore it cannot be said
that the plaintiff had no cause of action or that the suit was barred by limitation.
8. The next submission of the learned Counsel for the appellant was that the judgment of the learned lower court was not in accordance with Order
41, Rule 31 of the Civil P.C. Rule 31 of Order 41 provides:
The judgment of the Appellate Court shall be in writing and shall state-
(a) the points for determination;
(b) the decision thereon;
(c) the reasons for the decision; and where the decree appealed from is reversed or varied, the relief to which the appellant is entitled;
and shall at the time....
It is true that the learned lower appellate court has not mentioned the above points in a tabular form but on a perusal of its judgment it appears that
the points for determination were before it and that the reasons for its findings were given. This submission of the learned Counsel also has no
substance.
9. The last point which is of substance is as to who was the owner of the house in question, As stated above, the plaintiffs case was that it was the
owner of the entire land covered by the Patta No. 2 (vide Ext. 2) and that the premises in question were constructed by it and that one of the
rooms was allowed to be occupied by the defendant as its Secretary. In a nutshell the claim of the plaintiff was that it was the owner of the house.
On the other hand, the defendant claimed that the houses were constructed not on the land belonging to the plaintiff but on a separate plot of land
measuring 30 Bighas which was allotted to him by the Bhudan Samiti. As already stated, this suit was not for declaration of plaintiff''s title in
respect of the land. In this suit no decree for the title to the land can bet granted. But in order to find as to who constructed the house and how he
did it, the Court can examine the prima facie title of the party to the land in question. From that point of view the learned lower appellate court
examined and found, prima facie, and in my opinion correctly, that the land in question belonged to the plaintiff. He based his finding on this point
on oral evidence as well as a number of documents particularly Ext. 2 and Ext. 6. Ext. 2 is the patta No. 2 of village Basistha in Mouza Beltola. It
contains the suit dag No. 68. It stands in the name of ""Smt. Amal Prova Das, President, Assam Seva Sangha"". Ext. 6 is a report submitted by the
defendant as the Secretary of the Assam Go-Seva Samiti on 8-4-1959 to the society. In this document he admitted that an area of land measuring
nearly 100 Bighas had been donated to the Bhudan Samiti by the original owners of the land which was Fee Simple. The learned lower appellate
court, therefore, was justified in his observation that after Ext, 6 it did not lie to the mouth of defendant to say that the entire land of nearly 100
Bighas (of which 6 Bighas had been acquired by the Government) did not belong to the plaintiff. Therefore, the learned lower appellate court
committed no error in coming to a finding that prima facie the plaintiff had title to the land covered by Patta No. 2. With regard to the houses in
question, the learned lower appellate court also came to the finding on a consideration of the oral evidence of the witnesses examined by the
parties, that the houses were constructed by the plaintiff and it belonged to it, Ext. 5 is a list of articles which was exhibited by the defendant
showing the articles handed over by him to the plaintiff. The articles described at serial Nos. 1, 2 and 3 at page 2 of Ext. 5 were respectively"" (I) A
three-roomed house with a verandah on the front, C.I. sheet roofed, Assam type; (2) A cow-shed with C.I. Sheet roofed; (3) A cow-shed-one
room of C.I. Sheet, the other roof was of asbestos.
The learned Counsel for the appellant submits that the house described in the Schedule to the plaint does not tally with the house described at serial
No. 1 at page 2 of Ext. 5. It is true that in the plaint the verandah1 of the house was not mentioned but all the same the learned lower appellate
court came to the finding that the house described in Ext. 5 and that described in the schedule was one and the same. The finding of the learned
lower appellate court with regard to the ownership of the house Is a finding of fact, and even if erroneous, the law is well settled, it cannot be upset
in a second appeal.
10. In the result this appeal fails and is dismissed. The parties will bear their own costs of this appeal.