K.N. Saikia, J.@mdashThis defendant''s second appeal is from the judgment and decree of the District Judge, Manipur dismissing the appeal and
upholding the trial Court''s judgment decreeing the suit.
2. The present respondent, Shri Onhen Kuki, Chief of Chalva Village, instituted Original Suit No. 7 of 1971 impleading the present appellant, Shri
Chitui Naga, Gangbura of Tamah village stating that the plaintiff''s village as well as the defendant''s village are old villages and there was and still
now exists a boundary line called Govakom alias Sonobuh nullah which is also called Charenggiu by the Nagas and that the scheduled land
belonged to his villagers and the defendant illegally and without authority prevented his villagers from cutting fire-wood and threatened them
claiming the land to have belonged to the defendant''s village, Tamah; with a prayer for declaration that the plaintiff is the owner of the land as given
in the schedule to the plaint; and for any other relief/reliefs as the Court deems proper.
3. The defendant in his written statement denied the plaintiff''s averments and claimed the land to have belonged to his village, a fact which,
according to him, was earlier decided in Civil Case No, 7 of 1930-31 of the Court of the S. D. O., Tamenolong, which was between Samthingng
Khullakpa of Tamah village as plaitniff and Manglen Chief of Chalva as defendant, deciding that Charenggiu was the original boundary between the
two villages.
4. Amongst others, the following issues were framed on the basis of the pleadings:
(4) Whether Charenggiu Nallah is the same as Govakom alias Sonobuh Nallah?
(5) Whether the plaintiff has any right or title over the suit land?
(6) Is the suit land in possession of the plaintiff?
(7) Does the suit suffer from defect of parties?
(8) Is the suit hit by Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act?
(9) Is the suit maintainable in the present form?
(10) Is the plaintiff entitled to the Relief as claimed?
5. At the trial the plaintiff examined fight witnesses including himself as P. W. 8 and proved one exhibit, Ext. A/1 the order dated 15-6-1930 in
Civil Case No. 7/30-31, while the defendant examined five witnesses including himself as D. W. 5.
6. The second Subordinate Judge, Manipur, who tried the suit, found that the plaintiff is the Chief of Chalva village; that Govakom and Charenggiu
are the same stream, the Kukis calling it Govakom and the Nagas Charenggiu, and the land to the north of it thus included in Chalva village; that
Boljang and Govaliphai are the village machet within the suit land; that the plaintiff and his villagers have beer) possessing and enjoying the suit land
since before, that suit is not hit by Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act; and that the plaintiff is entitled to the reliefs claimed by him. The suit has
accordingly been decreed.
7. Aggrieved, the defendant preferred an appeal being Civil Appeal No. 103 of 1971 in the Court of the District Judge, Manipur which took up
Issues Nos. (7), (8) and (9), which the trial Court observed not to have been pressed and by impugned judgment and order held that the suit is not
bad for non-joinder of necessary parties; that the suit is not hit by the proviso to Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act; that both the words
''Charenggiu'' and ''Govakom'' convey the same meaning and thus Govakom formed the southern boundary of Chalva village and the villagers
thereof possessed the suit land, and accordingly the appeal has been dismissed with costs. Hence this second appeal.
8. Mr. A. Nilmani Singh, the learned counsel for the appellant, urges, inter alia, (i) that the suit is bad for nonjoinder of necessary parties; (ii) that
the suit is hit by the proviso to Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act; and (iii) that the findings of the learned Courts below are perverse, and, as
such, liable to be set aside in this second appeal.
9. Mr. T. Bhuban Singh, the learned counsel for the respondent, counters submitting that the dispute in the suit being about the boundaries between
the plaintiff''s village and the defendant''s village, both the plaintiff and the defendant being Chiefs of the two villages, the villagers of either of the
villages need not have been impleaded and the suit, therefore, does not suffer from defect of parties; that the suit being confined to the dispute
about the boundaries between the two villages, each having its own village land owned by its Chief, a mere declaration of the title would be enough
as such as a declaration itself would deter the villages from claiming any right over land across the boundaries and as such the suit is not hit by the
proviso to Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act; and that the concurrent findings of fact are arrived at by both the learned Courts below on the
basis of the evidence oa record those findings are not liable to be disturbed in this second appeal.
10. On the question of non-joinder of necessary parties Mr. A. Nilmani Singh''s contention is that the Chief himself is not the sole owner of the
entire village land. tHE villagers awn them in severally, The plaintiff therefore, according to the counsel, should have either joined all the villagers as
plaintiffs or should have obtained permission to sue in a representative capacity under Order 1, Rule 8, C. P. C. He should have also impleaded
the villagers of the defendant''s village as defendant. The non-joinder of the villagers who are necessary parties acceding to him, is fatal to the suit.
11. The law as to who are necessary and proper parties is well settled. As was ruled in Udit Narain Singh Malpaharia Vs. Additional Member,
Board of Revenue, Bihar, a necessary party is one without whom no order can be made effectively; a proper party is one in whose absence an
effective order can be made but whose presence is necessary for a complete and final decision on the question involved in the proceeding. In the
instant case the plaintiff as Chief of Chalva claims his right over the suit land and the Chief of Tamah denies that claim and claims the suit land for
his village. In this dispute the rights of the individual villagers in either of the villages would be immaterial The decision in the suit would under the
system of their village organisation ipso facto be binding on the viliagers. In Ext. A/1 also it is seen that the dispute was between the Chiefs of the
two villages and individual villagers did not figure. Under the above facts and circumstances the concurrent finding of the Courts below that the suit
is not bad for defect of parties, has to be upheld.
12. u/s 34 of the Specific Relief Act any person entitled to any legal character, or to any right as to any property, may institute a suit against any
person denying, or interested to deny, his title to such character or right, and the court may in its discretion make therein a declaration that he is so
entitled, and the plaintiff need not in such suit ask for any further relief; Provided that no court shall make any such declaration where the plaintiff,
being able to seek further relief than a mere declaration of title, omits to do so. Mr. A Nilmani Singh contends that in the instant case the plaintiff,
beisdes the relief of declaration, should have asked for the relief of confirmation of possession and of injunction restraining the defendant''s villagers
from interfering with the plaintiff''s enjoyment of the suit land since no such further relief has been prayed, no declaration should be made and he
relies on Jugraj Singh and Another Vs. Jaswant Singh and Others, and Amma Shah v. Ismail Shah AIR 1972 J&K 79. In Jagraj Singh (supra) in
the suit for declaration that the defendants were neither owners of the land nor they had right to get the name as per certain order of the S. D. O.
acting as Collector, the plaintiff neither asked for cancellation of the order nor for any injunction, two of the reliefs which they were entitled to ask
in the case in addition to the declaration, it was held that the suit was hit by Section 42 of the Specific Relief Act. The facts of the instant case are
entirely different, inasmuch as in the instant case both the parties are Chiefs of the villages and the declaration either way would bind the villagers of
both the villages. There was thus no need for any injunction in restrain the individual villagers. In Amma Shah (supra) it has been held that in a suit
for declaration of title simpliciter when right or title to such property is denied by another person the court has the power to pass a decree for
declaration in its discretion. In such a suit the plaintiff need not ask for any further relief. But in a case where the plaintiff seeks a mere declaration
of his title it is doubftul if he can ask the court to grant him an interim relief of temporary injunction in his favour if he does not allege any
apprehension of interference by the defendedt. This case clearly does not support the contention of Mr. Singh.
13. The trial Court in the instant case held that as the possession is with the plaintiff and his villagers, the question of the suit being hit by Section 34
of the Specific Relief Act does not arise and the suit is maintainable in the present form. The lower appellate Court held that in this case the plaintiff
has claimed himself to be in possession and he has sought a mere declaration on the basis of the title and if he is found in possession and owner of
the suit land such a declaration can be granted because in such circumstances no consequential relief is necessary and the C6urt relied on AIR
1930 Oudh 441 (Paschaud v. Emma Bertha Paschaud). In Naoribam Bira Singh v. Leirenjao Singh AIR 1958 Manipur 38, it has been held that
where the plaintiff whose title is denied by the defendant is out of possession and the defendant is in possession, the further relief would be
recovery of possession and a suit for a declaration of title would not be maintainable unless the plaintiff prayed for possession also. A fortiori where
the plaintiff is in possession further prayer for possession would be unnecessary. In Mt. Komal v. Gurcharan Prasad, AIR 1938 All 242, it was
clearly held that when the plaintiff is in possession, a suit for bare declaration of title is competent. It is sufficient if the plaintiff has such possession
as the nature of the property permits. When the defendant is not in possession and possession cannot be decreed against him, possession need not
be asked for as a consequential relief, as was held in Sunder Singh v. Sunder Singh AIR 1938 Lah 63 (Sic), Malaiyya Pillai v. Perumal Pillai ILR
(1913) 36 Mad 62 and Mt Imam Bibi v. Abdul Rahman AIR 1936 Lah 929 . It was also held in Pratap Narain Das and Another Vs. Sri Krishna
Chandra and Others, that for removal of cloud on title, where the plaintiff is in possession and there is interference short of dispossession, it is
competent for him to ask only for a declaration simpliciter. In view of the above decisions the findings of the Courts below cannot be held to be
erroneous.
14. The question may be looked into from another angle. It is common knowledge that the provision of Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act has its
origin in the fact that it was not a practice in England for courts to make declarations of rights except as introductory to other relief which they
proceeded to administer. Mere declaratory decrees were innovations which first obtained authoritative sanction by Section 50 of the Chancery
Procedure Act, 1852 which ran thus:
No suit shall be open to objection on the ground that a merely declaratory decree or order is sought thereby and it shall be lawful for the civil
court to make binding declarations of right without granting consequential relief"".
This section was judicially interpreted to mean that declaratory decree could be granted only in cases where there was some consequential relief
which could be had if it had been sought. However, it has been realised that judgments and orders are usually determinations of rights in the actual
circumstances of which the court has cognizance and gives some particular relief capable of being enforced. It is, however, sometimes convenient
to obtain a judicial decision upon a state of facts which has not yet arisen, br a declaration of the rights of a party without any reference to their
enforcement. Such merely declaratory judgments may ip appropriate cases be given, and the court is authorised to make binding declarations of
rights whether any consequential relief is or could be claimed or not. There is a general power to make a declaration whether there be a cause of
action or not, and at the instance of any party who is interested in the subject matter of the declaration, and although a claim to consequential relief
has not been made, or has been abandoned or refused, but it is essential that some relief should be sought, or that a right to some substantive relief
should be established. A person moulds his relief according to his need. The type of further or consequential relief required to be prayed will also
depend on the facts and circumstances of a case. The answer to the question whether it is incumbent upon the plaintiff to ask for consequential
relief must depend upon the facts of each case. The nature and origin of the right basing upon which the declaration is sought will also be
immaterial. Declaration simpliciter of a specific right created by statute is not affected by Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act. Thus in Vanniswami
Thewar v. Challasami Thewar (1921) 62 Ind Cas 276 : AIR 1921 Mad 47 it was held that a suit for a declaration that the plaintiff was the
landholder under the Madras Estates Land Act was maintainable. Such a suit is one to enforce not a common law right but a right created by
statute. The same reasoning may be applied to a right created by triable custom. Declaration of a right based on such customary right would not be
hit by Section 34. In seeking to enforce such a right the Courts are not entitled to impose all the restrictions which a person seeking the ordinary
relief of declaration is subjected to by virtue of the proviso to Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act. Veruareddi Ramaraghava Reddy and Others
Vs. Konduru Seshu Reddy and Others, it has been held that Section 42 of the Specific Relief Act (old) was not exhaustive of the cases in which a
declaratory decree might be made and the Courts had the power to grant such a decree independently of the requirement of the section; and it
followed, therefore, a suit by the plaintiff-worshipper for a declaration that the compromise was not binding on he deity was maintainable as falling
outside the purview of Section 42. Declaration of rights based on tribal customs may similarly be held to be outside the purview of Section 34 of
the Specific Relief Act. In the instant case he right of the Chiefs over their respective village lands is based on customary law of the village
organisation and as such it is not crmmon law right. It is, therefore, not permissible for the Court to impose in respect of declaration of such right
the limitation prescribed u/s 34 of the Specific Relief Act. No infirmity can, therefore, be found with the concurrent finding of the learned Courts
below in this respect.
15. The last submission of the counsel for the appellant is that the finding that the stream Govakom is the same as Charenggiu, is perverse being not
based on any evidence on record. According to him there having been clear evidence that Charenggiu crosses the Imphal-Kangpokpi-Tamenglong
road at 32 milestone, while Govakom at 35 milestone, the two could never be the same and the finding to that effect, even though concurrent, is
liable to be set aside. A finding of fact, it is submitted, not based on any legal evidence or en a judicial consideration of the evidence adduced, can
be set aside in second appeal, and he relies on 1972 ALR 148 : AIR 1972 Gau 52 (Abdul Ali v. Harija Bibi), and AIR 1979 Gau 53 (Chandra.
Kanta Deka v. Hem Chandra Deka. If a finding is based on no evidence, or on an improper rejection of material evidence, or on a misconstruction
of document or on oral statements, or on inference not warranted by the facts, or as a result of placing of onus, it can be set aside in second
appeal, but it is for the appellant to show the existence of one of other of those circumstances. There can be no dispute about these propositions of
law. The question is whether these propositions are applicable to the facts of this case. To hold the concurrent findings to be perverse it has to
transpire that it is based on no legal evidence. The learned trial Court observed that in course of evidence of both sides it was ar. admitted fact that
the plaintiffs village Chalva and the defendant''s village Tamah are adjacent to each other with the Charenggiu stream in between them as
demarcating line forming the southern boundary of Chalva village and northern boundary of Tamah village and that the question arose as to whether
the Govakom alias Sonopuh Nullah, as alleged by the plaintiff, was also called Charenggiu by the Nagas, or whether the Charenggiu was different,
as contended by the defendant, from Govakom alias Songpuh Nullah. After formulating the above question the Court discussed the evidence of the
P. Ws. as well as the D. Ws., including the order in Civil Case No. 7 of 1930-31 passed by the S. D. O. Tamenglong on 15-6-1930 (Ext. A/1)
but did not believe the defendant''s evidence that Charenggiu stream lies on Imphal-Tamenglong road and found that Govakom and Charenggiu are
one and the same stream called as Govakom by the Kuki and Charenggiu by the Nagas.
16. The learned lower appellate Court proceeded on the basis that both the parties admitted that Charenggiu was the common boundary of those
two villages and the admission was further fortified by Ext. A/1. The Court also observed that as the respondent (Plaintiff) claimed that Govakom
was the southern boundary of his village it was for him to establish that Govakom was known as Charenggiu and that it was the southern boundary
of his village. The Court then discussed the evidence of the P. Ws. and the D. Ws. D. W. 1 stated that Charenggiu is the boundary between
Tamah and Chalva village and he was supported in this by D. Ws. 2 and 4 and oh the appreciation of the evidence of the P. wS. and the D. Ws.
the Court concluded that a scrutiny of the oral evidence of the respondent would show that Govakom is the boundary of Chalva and Tamah
villages, was consistent. This position was also found consistent with the fact that the presently D.W. 2 has been paying lambal to the plaintiff
though he had been paying lambal to Tamah earlier.
17. Counsel for the appellant strenuously submits that the unchallenged testimony of the D. Ws. completely overlooked by the Courts below. The
evidence of the D. Ws. may be summarised as under:
D. Ws. 1, Namereinjine, deposes that Charenggiu is known in Kuki language as Tuiha. His village Lcngmai lies to the south of Tamah village.
Charenggiu crosses Imphal-Kangpoki-Tamenglong road and one bridge was reconstructed by this crossing point on the said road. The crossing
point is at about 32 mile stone. He knows Phoikon Hill which lies within the village land of Tamah. Ho knows the Nullah called by the Kukis as
Govakom. It flows within the village land of Tamah. Govakom also crosses Imphal-Tamenglong road at about 35 milestone. He knows Phoikon
village (Kuk''), which is within the village land of Tamah village. In cross-examination he says that in their language ''Giu''. indicates Nallah or river.
''Chareng'' is ''Urj'' (creeper). ''Gova'' is bamboo, but he does not know what is the meaning of ''Kom''. He was born and brought up in Langmei
village. He does not know when Tamah village was shifted to the present site. He also docs not know if Songsana village once established in the
present village site of Tamah. According to him, during the British regime the villagers used to repair path and ways within their own lands. They
used to welcome British Sahebs at their boundary. ''Chapareng'', in their language, is ''Paya'' (bamboo split). ''Chapai'' is bamboo and ''Rerg'' is a
thing for the purpose of tying. D. W. 2, Sonpu of Tamah village, according to him the boundary between these two villages is a Nala, which is
called Charenggiu in Naga and ''Tuiha'' by the Kuki. Govakom is different from Tuiha. The witness has no land near Govakom, but the cultivated
Tampak low near it on payment to Tamah village. He has been cultivating for the last 2/3 years and paid lamban to Tamah but this year he paid it
to Chalva as Chalva claims the lou as belonging to them. Chalva took the lam-ban in the month of January, 1971 last. Govakom runs between
Tuiha stream and the house site of Tamah village. He did not file case against Chalva for taking the lamban. In cross-examination he admits that
Govakom is in Kuki language. It means a group of bamboos near which a nala runs. He knows Songpu Kom which is another name of Govakom.
Songpu means in Kuki dialect a big stone projecting from the hill and under which some 10 persons can sleep. Scngpu lies to the western portion
of Govakom. He admits that, during the British regime the villagers repaired the path within their respective villages, but he does not know up to
what point towards the south the villagers of Chalva repaired the path. He knew from others that Charenggiu alias Tuiha is the boundary between
Chalva and Tamah. Lamban was taken from him. He does not pay lamban to Tamah. The place where he resides is called Govaiang and it lies to
the north of Govakom about 3 or 4 miles away from Chalva Govakom about one mile away. In cross-examination he says that Govakom is about
3 or 4 miles away from Chalva village and 7 miles from Tamah village. D. W. 3 Nganing, Gangbura, deposes that Charenggiu is the boundary line
between Chalva and Tamah. Charenggiu is the Naga dialect. According to him, Charenggiu means the stream wherefrom Langmeidong bird takes
water. This Charenggiu stream is known as Tuiha in Kuki language. ''Tuiha'' means the spot where water falls. Charenggiu stream crosses Imphal-
Tamenglong road at about 32 milestone. He knows the boundaries of Tamah village. It is bounded on the north by Charenggiu, on the South by
Kuki stream, on the East by Irang river, and on the west by Pokki stream, beyond which lies the Kuki village. His village Maku lies to the east of
Tamah village, intervened by Irang river. He knows Govakom which is a stream. Govakom is Kuki dialect. Govakom is known as Chapaiggiu in
Naga dialect. It also crosses Imphal-Tamenglong road at about 35 milestone. He knows Foikonching lying to the south of Charenggiu stream, with
the village Tamah. He knows the homestead land of Foikon village, which lies within the Tama village land, which lies near Charenggiu stream on
the southern side. His forefather lived at Myumlok village, which is now extinct and Chalva village established at the site of Mayum Lok village. In
cross-examination he admits that Tamah village is situated near 37 milestone on Imphal-Tamenglong Road where it has been existing for the last
about 10 years and it is about 2 miles away from the western boundary of Pokhi stream. Pokhi stream is about 2 miles away from Tamah village.
Irang river is about 4 miles from Tamah village site. Chalva village is about 5 miles from the house site of Tamah village and it is about one mile
from Imol S. D. O. Headquarters, situaled north of Imol. He does not know Samthinang and the exact location of 35 milestone with relation to
Govakom. He never saw Chalva people cultivating paddy near 33 or 34 milestone on Imphal-Tamenglong road. He knows that ''Foikon'' is Kuki
word, but does not know its meaning. He does not know if Tamah village was once settled in the present Thenjang village site. Paya (bamboo
pieces) is known as Chareiyang in Lengmei Naga Language. D. W. 4, Alemfune, is of Tamah village. According to him Charenggiu is the boundary
between Tamah and Chalva. He is Khunbu of Tamah village, Gang-bura is the Khullakpa of the village. By Khullakpa he means Headman.
Charenggiu falls into Irang river by crossing Imphal-Tamenglong road at 32 milestone. There is a bridge on the same stream. He knows Phoikon
and homestead land of Phoikon village which lies within Tamah village. Phoikon villagers pay to them lamban and Sakok. Charenggiu in the Naga
dialect and in Kuki language Charenggiu is called Tuiha. He knows Govakom, which is a Kuki name. They call the stream as Chapaigiu. Govakom
crosses Imphal-Tamgnelong road at about 35 milestone. In cross-examination he says that he can"" read and write in Manipuri. He was born and
brought up in Tamah village site, where his father was also born. But his grandfather was born in Thenjang village. The present Tamah village
comprises of 60 villagers. About 40 persons of their village pay house-tax in the name of Gangbura. The names of stream, hillock etc. are called by
Nagas in their Naga name, and the Kuki in their Kuki names. Pokki stream is about 4 miles away from Tamah village. Irang is about 4 miles away
from Tamah village. Govakom is about 3 miles away from the Tamah village, Chalva village is about 7 miles from Tamah village which is about one
mile from Imol S.D.O. Headquarters from the north. ''Giu'' in their language means stream or river. ''Chapai'' means bamboo in their language
''Chareng'' means also ''Uri'' or ''Paya'' in their language. He knows the meaning of Gov-akom which means the place where bamboos grow, D.
W. 5 is Chitui (defendant in the suit). He does not know who is the Chief of Chalva village. He knows the plaintiff but does not know if he is the
Chief cf Chalva village. Charenggiu is the northern boundary of Tamah village demarcating it from Chalva. On the south there lies the village
Langmei intervened by a lok known Tayangio. Charenggui crosses Imphal-Tamenglong road at about 32 milestone and there is a bridge at that
place. Charenggui means a kind of big bird. Charenggui drinks water from this lok and hence this lok is called as Charenggui. ''Giu'' means lok.
Phoikon hill, according to him, lies to the side of Tamah village. There is a village at Phoikon hill and some of the villagers of that village have their
houses in the plain area within his village land. The said plain lies near Charenggiu, opposite to Chalva village house site intervened by Charenggiu.
The villagers of Phoikon pay them lambal or Changseo. Charenggiu is their Naga name and the Kukis call this stream as Tuiha. He knows
Govakom alias Sonapub. They call it as Chapaigiu. Govkom is kuki dialect. This stream runs within their village land and crossed Imphal-
Tamenglong road near 35 mile stone. According to him there was a civil case between Tamah village as plaintiff and Chalva village as defendant,
being Civil Case No. 7 of 1930-31 of SDO., Temenglong. Prior to the establishment of Chalva village the land belonged to Mayum lok village,
which become extinct. They never encroached upon or interfered with the possession of any piece of Chalva land. The Tamah village land belongs
to all their villagers jointly. In cross-examination he says that bamboo is known as ''Chapairiu'' and ''Payas'' is known as Charia in their dialect.
''Giu'' in their dialect stands for place or places or lok. In Govakom there grow bamboos. In Tuiha no bamboos grow. He knows of Tuiha from
many persons. He saw Mayum Lok villagers shifting to their present village from the present Chalva village land. He does not know if Chalva
village had been established for the last 60 or 70 years.
18. Learned lower appellate Court also came to the conclusion that both the words ''Charengiu'' and ''Govakom'' convey the same meaning. He
also did not accept that Tuiha stream is known as Charenggiu in Naga dialect. The Court ultimately came to the conclusion that Govakom is
known as Charenggiu in Naga dialect and it crosses the Imphal-Tamenglong road at 35 milestone and was the southern boundary of the Chalva
village. P. Ws. 1 to 8 consistently gave the boundaries of Chalva village with Govakom as the southern boundary. All of them said that Govakom
was the boundary between Chalva and Tamah. P. W. 8 deposed that the stream called Govakom in Kuki dialect was called Charenggiu in Naga
dialect. The villagers of the two villages used to clear the bridle-paths on respective sides of Govakom. The Courts did consider this evidence and
held Govakom and Charenggiu to be the same Stream, disbelieving the defendant''s version. The Court also found good and sufficient evidence for
the proof of possession of the plaintiff and as such confirmed the finding of the lower Court on this point. It cannot, therefore, be said that the
learned Courts below either overlooked any material piece of evidence or gave finding on no legal evidence at all. The argument advanced on
etymological basis may not lead to a correct determination of the question under the facts and circumstances of the case. The question whether this
Court could have arrived at a different conclusion on a proper appreciation of the evidence is entirely a different matter. The finding as such cannot,
therefore, be held to be perverse on any of the above grounds. It is accordingly not amenable to interference in this second appeal.
19. This second appeal is accordingly found to be without merit and it is dismissed with costs. Stay order, if any, stands vacated.