Dr. G.F. Couto, J.@mdashThese appeals are directed against the Awards made by the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal, Margao, in four petitions for compensation filed u/s 110-A of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939. The said four petitions were filed as a result of an accident which caused the death of three people and injured a fourth. The vehicle involved in the accident is the same and the victims of the accident were passengers travelling in the said vehicle. For this reason and since the issues raised in all the appeals are the same, this common judgment.
2. An accident took place on 20th December, 1980 at Vazem, Shiroda, Goa, involving a bus No. GDT-2129 belonging to the respondent Teotonio Pereira which was being driven at the relevant time by the respondent Patric D''Souza. The vehicle went off the road while negotiating a turn and was balancing on the edge of the road. Some passengers tried to come, out of the bus and then the vehicle turned turtle and went down some ten metres away from the road. According to the petitioners in the said cases, the accident was due to the rash and negligent driving of the vehicle by the respondent Patric who did not take the necessary precautions while negotiating a turn of the road and was driving the bus at a high speed. As a result of the said accident, one Mr. Assumption D''Souza, one Ganpat Bhikaji Sawant and one Ramesh Datta Naik came to die and the respondent Vijay Rama Patil sustained serious injuries.
3. The Claims Tribunal dealt with the four petitions together and ultimately passed the impugned Awards. In the case filed by the heirs of Mrs. Assumption D''Souza, a compensation of Rs. 52,000/- was awarded to the petitioners and directed to be paid by the respondents in the petition jointly and severally with interest of 6% from the date of the claim till complete satisfaction. In the case filed by the heirs of Ganpat Bhikaji Sawant, a compensation of Rs. 50,000/- was awarded, also to be paid jointly and severally by the respondents in the petition with interest at the rate of 6% from the date of the claim till satisfaction; in the case filed by the heirs of Ramesh Datta Naik, a compensation of Rs. 78,000/- was awarded and it was ordered that the amount of Rs. 75,000/- was to be paid by all the respondents in the petition jointly and severally being the balance amount including interest at the rate of 6% from the date of the claim till its satisfaction to the respondents Nos. 1 and 2 in the petition only and in the petition filed by the injured Vijay, a compensation of Rs. 25,000/- was awarded and ordered to be paid jointly and severally with interest of 6% per annum by all the respondents.
4. These appeals were filed only by the Insurance Company and it is not challenged that the accident occurred due to the rash and negligent driving of the vehicle by the respondent Patric. The amount of compensation awarded is not also challenged and the short point raised by the appellant is that its liability goes up to Rs. 75,000/- only in all the four cases, but the Tribunal has awarded the compensation without making it clear that the liability of the appellant was restricted in all to Rs. 75,000/-.
5. Mr. Rebello, the learned counsel appearing for the appellant, invited our attention to the impugned Awards and specially to the fact that the four petitions claiming compensation had arisen out of the same accident and had been tried together by the Tribunal. Though the Tribunal had considered that the overall liability of the appellant towards all the passengers in the bus is limited to Rs. 75,000/-, yet it has awarded compensation exceeding the said limit. The learned counsel submitted, placing reliance on the decision in Shivahari Rama Tiloji & Anr. vs. Kashi Vishnu Agarwadekar & Ors., (1985 Mh.L.J. 22) and in
6. Mr. Coelho Pereira, the learned counsel appearing for the respondent Teotonio Pereira has, however, contended that there is no reason for interference with the Awards, as the Tribunal has properly applied the law as laid down in the above decisions quoted by Mr. Rebello. He further, placing reliance on the decision of the Madhya Pradesh High Court in
7. We do not think that the view advanced by the learned counsel for the owner of the vehicle is correct. In Kashi Vishnu Agarwadekar''s case (above), one of us (Couto, J.) dealing with the provisions of Section 95(2)(b) of the Motor Vehicles Act has held that it cannot be disputed that in view of the provisions of Section 95(2)(b) and (4), an Insurance Policy covers only a liability incurred in respect of any one accident upto the prescribed limits and that it is apparent that there are two kinds of limits, one as regards the main and overall liability and the other being the one prescribed in sub-section (4). It was further held that the second limit postulated in sub-section (4) is clearly subordinate to the overall limit and the effect of such subordination is that the liability of the insurer will not go, in any event, beyond the overall limit and thus, the subordinate limit prescribed in sub-section (4) comes into operation only where there is more than one passenger who was a victim of the accident. This limit, it was further observed, was prescribed to facilitate the apportionment of compensation among the various victims of an accident upto the overall limit of the liability of the insurer and that considering the compulsoriness of the insurance, the subordinate limit was established in order to fix a minimum limit of liability which must be covered by the insurer. This view taken in Kashi Vishnu''s case was approved by the Division Bench of this Court in Deepathumma''s case (supra). Masodkar, J., speaking for the Court, has indeed observed that though on a plain reading the provisions of Section 95(2) are susceptible to an interpretation that the liability of the Insurance Company is restricted to the limit fixed in sub-section (4), none-the-less, there is another interpretation which is equally reasonable and possible and furthers the object of the law. The said object is to provide an indemnity to the travelling passenger and to secure compensation against damages arising out of the accident. The terms "one cause" or "one accident" alongwith the total limit of the indemnity is meant to achieve the said object and that there hardly exists any difference in principle to depart from the decision of the Supreme Court in Modi''s case (above) wherein the question of "any one accident" was considered and treated such phrase occurring in Section 92(2)(a) of the Act with regard to a third party liability as giving rise to independent liability qua each person involved in an accident. He further observed that the reasons given for construing that provition in favour of providing such an indemnity in accident matters are equally available while interpreting the provisions of sub-section (2)(b) of the Act. Section 95 of the Act is a compulsive provision and it requires a policy of insurance to cover the liability when an accident occurs and though it does use terms like "limits", those limits and the total cover will have to be taken together for the purposes of giving effect and furthering the object of the enactment rather than deviate from it. The Division Bench therefore, approached the problem from that angle and after discussing in paragraphs 12, 13 and 14 the said provisions of law, observed in para 15 that sub-sections (2) and (4) of Section 95 read together enact a rule of maximum and not of minimums operative in different fields and that what is provided by sub-section (2) is the maximum limit of ensured guarantee which is always available. The term used in sub-section (4) "subject to the limits aforesaid", is intended not to limit the maximum of guarantee available, but a provision in the nature of the contingent one, for the term "subject to" signifies below the maximum or within it, depending upon condition or contingency. Thus, according to the Division Bench, it would be reasonable to read the said sub-section (4) as providing the maximum depending upon contingencies and circumstances available in each case so as to work out such maximum. Such contingent provision is not intended to affect the earlier maximum, nor to reduce it by reason of only one person being involved in the accident. It will be also pertinent to note that the Division Bench has held in para 12, that the apportionment among several claimants of the compensation upto the limit of Rs. 75,000/- is to be made pro rata.
8. The learned Tribunal while awarding the compensation in each of the petitions, made reference to a decision of the Panjim Bench of this Court without citing the same. In fact, it was observed that "admittedly the deceased was a passenger of the bus involved in the accident and, as such, issue No. 5 should have been awarded in the positive. However, as it was held by the Hon''ble Panji Bench of the Bombay High Court, the limit of such liability of the Insurance Company in respect of the insured passengers of the vehicle is to be construed as minimum limit and subordinate to the overall limit of the insurance liability. Therefore, if the total compensation payable to the victim or victims of a motor vehicle accident did not exceed the overall limit of the liability the insurer would be liable to pay such compensation in to and it is only when the compensation awarded exceeds that outer limit the owner of the vehicle is liable for the payment to the excess thereof. Though the decision of this Bench relied upon is not identified, it would appear that is the one delivered in Kashi Vishnu s case which was, as already said, approved by the Division Bench in Deepathumma s case. If this is so, as otherwise is apparent, it is obvious that the learned Judge could not, in any event, have held the Insurance Company liable upto the limit of Rs. 75,000/- in each of the claim petitions, for it is common ground that all the claim petitions arise out of the same accident involving the same vehicle where the victims thereof were travelling as passengers. The liability of the Insurance Company was indeed, in the light of the said decisions of this Court, restricted to Rs. 75,000/- in all the four petitions and such liability had to be apportioned pro rata among the claimants in each of the four petitions.
9. Mr. Coelho Pereira has contended that this is not the real meaning and import of the above decisions of this Court, for "any one accident", spoken of in sub-section (2) of section 95 has to be looked into from the angle of the victim of the accident as held in Modi''s case and that since there existed four separate accidents from the angle of each of the victims of the accident, the liability of the Insurance Company goes in each of such cases upto the limit of Rs. 75,000/-. We are however unable to accept this view. In Modi''s case, the Supreme Court has been dealing with the provisions of section 95(2)(a) as they stood before the amendment and it was in the context of the said provisions of law that the Court held that the expression "any one accident" occurring in the section had to be looked into from the point of view of the various claimants, each of whom is entitled to make a separate claim for the accident suffered by him and not from the point of view of the insurer. Then, the Court proceeded to make a reference in paragraph 24 to its judgment in
10. We already observed that in Deepathumma''s case the Division Bench has held that the liability of the Insurance Company is to be disturbed pro rata among the several claimants. In the present cases, the amounts of compensation awarded are not the same, for in Appeal No. 46/85 the compensation awarded was of Rs. 52,000/-, in Appeal No. 47/85 of Rs. 50,000/-, in Appeal No. 50/85 of Rs. 78,000/- and finally, in Appeal No. 51/85 of Rs. 25,000/- only. In the first three cases, the victims met with their deaths in the accident, while in the fourth, the claimant got injured. We find it rather difficult to apportion the total liability (Rs. 75,000/-) of the Insurance Company (Appellant) among the claimants in each of the petitions, but since the total amount of the compensation to be paid to the claimants in the four petitions is of Rs. 2,05,000/- and the balance of Rs. 1,30,000/- is to be paid by the owner of the vehicle, we think that in the circumstances, the said liability of the appellant should be upto the limit of Rs. 18,750/- in each of the petitions, the remainder of the compensation being to be paid by the owner of the vehicle, the respondent Teotonio Pereira.
11. The result is the se appeals succeed and the impugned Awards are modified only to the extent that the liability of the Insurance Company in each of the Claim Petitions is restricted to Rs. 18,750/-. The remainder of the compensation is to be paid jointly and severally by the owner and the driver of the vehicle. Costs by the respondents.
