Bandhua Mukti Morcha vs Union of India (1983)
This landmark case expanded the State’s duty under Article 23, mandating proactive protection of bonded labourers and ensuring dignity and freedom for vulnerable groups.
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This landmark case expanded the State’s duty under Article 23, mandating proactive protection of bonded labourers and ensuring dignity and freedom for vulnerable groups.
This judgment upheld procedural fairness, ruling that speedy trials are part of fair trial rights under Articles 14 and 21, and limited judicial power in transfers.
The Vishaka Guidelines mandated workplace sexual harassment prevention, including complaint committees and employer accountability, until the 2013 Act.
The Court ruled that reserved category promotions don’t grant seniority over general candidates, balancing reservation benefits with equality under Articles 14 and 16.
This ruling held that caste is by birth, not marriage, ensuring reservation benefits are granted only to those born into backward communities.