India Marks Constitution Day: Remembering Ambedkar and 76 Years of the Nation’s Guiding Document
November 26 commemorates adoption of the Constitution and celebrates democratic values across India
Day highlight’s role of Ambedkar, Constituent Assembly, and landmark judgments shaping Indian democracy
By Our Legal Correspondent
New Delhi: November 26, 2025:
On November 26, 2025, India celebrated the 76th anniversary of Constitution Day, also known as Samvidhan Divas. The day marks the adoption of the Constitution of India in 1949 by the Constituent Assembly, under the leadership of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the chairman of the Drafting Committee.
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Constitution Day is not just a legal commemoration, but a national reminder of the values of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity enshrined in the Preamble. It is observed across courts, schools, universities, and government institutions, reaffirming India’s commitment to democracy and rule of law.
History and Significance
- The Constituent Assembly took 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days to draft the Constitution.
- The Constitution was adopted on November 26, 1949, and came into effect on January 26, 1950 (Republic Day).
- Before 2015, November 26 was observed as National Law Day. In 2015, the government officially declared it Constitution Day to promote constitutional values among citizens.
The day honours Dr. Ambedkar, who played a pivotal role in drafting the Constitution, and recognizes the efforts of leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Patel, Rajendra Prasad, and Maulana Azad.
Celebrations in 2025
This year’s Constitution Day saw events across the country:
- Supreme Court Ceremony: Prime Minister Narendra Modi attended the program at the Supreme Court, highlighting the Constitution’s role in India’s progress.
- Educational Institutions: Schools and universities organized debates, essay competitions, and readings of the Preamble.
- Public Awareness: Government agencies promoted awareness campaigns on citizens’ rights and duties.
- Tributes to Ambedkar: Leaders paid homage to Dr. Ambedkar, reaffirming his vision of social justice and equality.
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Landmark Judgments and Constitutional Values
Constitution Day is also an occasion to reflect on landmark Supreme Court judgments that have shaped Indian democracy:
- Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973): Established the Basic Structure Doctrine, ensuring Parliament cannot alter the fundamental framework of the Constitution.
- Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain (1975): Reinforced judicial independence during the Emergency.
- Right to Privacy (2017): Declared privacy a fundamental right under Article 21.
- Decriminalization of Section 377 (2018): Upheld equality and dignity for LGBTQ+ citizens.
These judgments highlight how the Constitution remains a living document, adapting to changing times while safeguarding core principles.
Role of Citizens
Constitution Day is not only about institutions but also about citizens:
- Rights: Fundamental rights guarantee freedom of speech, equality before law, and protection of life and liberty.
- Duties: Citizens are reminded of their fundamental duties, such as respecting the Constitution, promoting harmony, and protecting the environment.
- Participation: Active civic participation is essential to uphold constitutional values.
Expert Opinions
Former Supreme Court judge Justice Abhay S. Oka emphasized that the Basic Structure Doctrine has protected democracy in India, and constitutional education should be made an independent subject in schools.
Legal experts argue that Constitution Day is an opportunity to strengthen awareness of rights and duties, especially among the younger generation.
Broader Significance
The celebration of Constitution Day reflects India’s commitment to:
- Democracy: Reinforcing the importance of free institutions and rule of law.
- Unity in Diversity: Recognizing India’s pluralism and inclusive vision.
- Global Leadership: Showcasing India’s constitutional framework as one of the most comprehensive in the world.
Conclusion
As India marked 76 years of the adoption of the Constitution, Constitution Day served as a reminder that laws and institutions are only as strong as the citizens who uphold them. By honouring Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and the Constituent Assembly, the nation reaffirmed its commitment to justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity.
The Constitution remains India’s guiding light, ensuring that democracy thrives and adapts to new challenges. Constitution Day is not just about remembering history—it is about living by the values that define India’s identity.
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