Smt. Ujjam Bai vs State of Uttar Pradesh (1961)
The Court held that valid revenue taxes within legislative power don’t violate Article 19(1)(g), but discriminatory or colourable taxes can be struck down.
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The Court held that valid revenue taxes within legislative power don’t violate Article 19(1)(g), but discriminatory or colourable taxes can be struck down.
The judgment upheld minority institutions’ autonomy under Article 30, balancing their rights with reasonable State regulation in secular education.
The judgment held that derecognition of rulers and ending privy purses were political acts under Articles 363 and 366(22), beyond judicial review or rights claims.
This landmark case expanded the State’s duty under Article 23, mandating proactive protection of bonded labourers and ensuring dignity and freedom for vulnerable groups.
This judgment upheld procedural fairness, ruling that speedy trials are part of fair trial rights under Articles 14 and 21, and limited judicial power in transfers.