H.H. Maharajadhiraja Madhav Rao Jivaji Rao Vs Union of India (1970)
The judgment held that derecognition of rulers and ending privy purses were political acts under Articles 363 and 366(22), beyond judicial review or rights claims.
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The judgment held that derecognition of rulers and ending privy purses were political acts under Articles 363 and 366(22), beyond judicial review or rights claims.
This landmark case expanded the State’s duty under Article 23, mandating proactive protection of bonded labourers and ensuring dignity and freedom for vulnerable groups.
The Court ruled that reserved category promotions don’t grant seniority over general candidates, balancing reservation benefits with equality under Articles 14 and 16.
This ruling held that caste is by birth, not marriage, ensuring reservation benefits are granted only to those born into backward communities.
The Supreme Court recognized commercial speech, including business directories like Tata Press Yellow Pages, as protected under Article 19(1)(a), limiting restrictions.