Mrs. Valsamma Paul vs Cochin University and Others (1996)
This ruling held that caste is by birth, not marriage, ensuring reservation benefits are granted only to those born into backward communities.
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This ruling held that caste is by birth, not marriage, ensuring reservation benefits are granted only to those born into backward communities.
The Supreme Court recognized commercial speech, including business directories like Tata Press Yellow Pages, as protected under Article 19(1)(a), limiting restrictions.
The Unni Krishnan case limited the right to education under Article 21 to free, compulsory education for children up to 14, while allowing state regulation of professional educati…
The 'Second Judges Case' ruling gave primacy to the CJI in judicial appointments, establishing the collegium system to protect judicial independence from executive interference.
This judgment limits judicial intervention in policy decisions, distinguishes provisional and final approvals, and upholds government discretion in eco-sensitive industrial licens…