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This ‘First Judges Case’ clarified judicial appointments, emphasizing judiciary independence and shaping the framework for the collegium system in India.
This case addressed judicial accountability under Article 124(5), ensuring prompt hearing while preserving inquiry integrity and procedural safeguards for Parliament.
This case upheld Kerala’s bifurcation of Judicial Service, ruling it did not violate Articles 14 or 16, as classification had a rational nexus to improving justice.
Landmark 1990 ruling extending Article 14 to State contracts; SC held all public actions must be fair, non-arbitrary, and free from political bias.
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The 'Second Judges Case' ruling gave primacy to the CJI in judicial appointments, establishing the collegium system to protect judicial independence from executive interference.