Special Reference No. 1 of 1964 (Keshav Singh’s Case)
This reference held that legislative privileges under Article 194(3) are not absolute and are subject to judicial review to protect rule of law and judicial independence.
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This reference held that legislative privileges under Article 194(3) are not absolute and are subject to judicial review to protect rule of law and judicial independence.
This case upheld minority institutions’ rights in admissions while ensuring merit-based access, balancing religious preference with transparency and fairness in education.
This case clarified that the Union has exclusive power over industrial alcohol, limiting States to regulatory roles for public health and preventing misuse.
This ‘First Judges Case’ clarified judicial appointments, emphasizing judiciary independence and shaping the framework for the collegium system in India.
The Court held that the Special Courts Bill, 1978, violated Article 14 due to arbitrary classification and lack of judicial review, making it unconstitutional in its form.