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This case applied the basic structure doctrine to the Ninth Schedule, protecting pre-1973 laws while subjecting later ones to judicial review, reinforcing reforms.
This case held that Article 19 rights apply only to Indian citizens, not companies, clarifying the distinction between citizens’ rights and rights of any person.
The Court held that the Special Courts Bill, 1978, violated Article 14 due to arbitrary classification and lack of judicial review, making it unconstitutional in its form.
This case held that Article 356 cannot be used for political reasons, limiting judicial review of the President’s satisfaction and restricting States from seeking anticipatory rel…
This case upheld the Coal Mines (Nationalisation) Amendment Act, affirming Parliament’s power to nationalise mines for public interest and planned development.